Evaluation of Gabapentin as a Treatment of Breakthrough Cancer Pain Caused by Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Breakthrough Cancer Pain (BTcP) is defined as a temporary increase in pain that occurs spontaneously. The use of gabapentin is believed to be able to reduce pain complaints in patients with BTcP. However, research to support the efficacy of gabapentin in relieving pain in patients with BTcP is still limited.

Prognostic Significance of PD-L2 Expression in Association with Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

Background: The prognostic significance of tumoral programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression in urothelial bladder cancer (UBCs) is under-investigated , although it can potentially  to become a regulatory agent of cancer immunity. In the search for supporting biomarkers, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a readily available surrogate marker of immune status has been associated with clinical outcomes and other prognostic factors in various types  of cancer. Here we evaluate the prognostic ability of baseline NLR in addition to PD-L2 expression in bladder cancer.

Case Report: Glans penile necrosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy infection.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was firstly identified in China and has been declared a global pandemic. Several serious extrapulmonary manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have also been reported and associated with hypercoagulability thrombotic vasculopathy. In addition, cases of infection have also been known associated with blood coagulation abnormality.

One-stage Reconstruction of Penile Paraffinoma Using Spiral Stitches FTSG and Evaluation of Sexual Function.

Paraffinoma of the penis is rare and caused by paraffin liquid injection. This condition can cause significant penile deformity, ulceration, pain, and sexual dysfunction. However, it can be managed with surgical procedures to obtain normal aesthetic and functional results.

Laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistulae with a transperitoneal approach at Universitas Gadjah Mada Urological Institute: a case report.

Background: A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal fistulous tract extending between the bladder and the vagina that allows the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault. In addition, the sequelae from these fistulae have a profound effect on the patients in view of their physical, psychological, and social dimensions. The treatment of vesicovaginal fistula is surgical in most cases and the choice of the repair technique is controversial.

Host genome polymorphisms and tuberculosis infection: What we have to say?

Several epidemiology studies suggest that host genetic factors play important roles in susceptibility, protection and progression of tuberculosis infection. Here we have reviewed the implications of some genetic polymorphisms in pathways related to tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development. Large case-control studies examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes have been performed in tuberculosis patients in some countries.