Protective Effects of Dioscin and Diosgenin on Plateau Hyperuricemia by Attenuating Renal Inflammation via EPHX2.

Plateau hyperuricemia is a common disease in the plateau area, and the incidence is much higher than that in the plain area. Dioscin (DIO) and its active metabolite Diosgenin (DG) exert therapeutic effects on hyperuricemia through oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, DIO and its active metabolite DG were taken as the research objects to explore their therapeutic effects on high-altitude hyperuricemia in rats.

Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage and the Expression and Function of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin in .

is a unique aquatic invertebrate native to China, whose habitat is highly susceptible to environmental pollution, making it an ideal model for studying aquatic toxicology. Mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2), a key component of the Trx system, plays an essential role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, and preventing ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study investigated the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on and the role of Trx2 (Trx2) in Cd detoxification.

Extracellular PKM2 Preserves Cardiomyocytes and Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis During Myocardial Infarction.

Substantial loss of cardiomyocytes during heart attacks and onset of other cardiovascular diseases is a major cause of mortality. Preservation of cardiomyocytes during cardiac injury would be the most effective strategy to manage these diseases in clinic. However, there is no effective treatment strategy that is able to prevent cardiomyocyte loss.

Integrated Analysis of Polymerase Family Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Features, Prognosis, and Bioinformatics Insights.

: The long-term prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is challenging due to limited understanding of the molecular markers involved in its development. This study investigates the role of DNA polymerases in AML to offer new insights for diagnosis and treatment. : A retrospective study on pediatric AML patients with POL gene family mutations from 2021 to 2024 was conducted.

Identification of miRNAs Involved in Olfactory Regulation in Antennae of Beet Webworm, (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The beet webworm, , is a typical migratory pest. Although miRNAs participate in many physiological functions, little is known about the functions of miRNAs in olfactory regulation. In this study, 1120 (869 known and 251 novel) miRNAs were identified in the antennae of by using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Chitosan-Based Multifunctional Biomaterials as Active Agents or Delivery Systems for Antibacterial Therapy.

Antibiotic therapy has been a common method for treating bacterial infections over the past century, but with the rise in bacterial resistance caused by antibiotic abuse, better control and more rational use of antibiotics have been increasingly demanded. At the same time, a journey to explore alternatives to antibiotic therapies has also been undertaken. Chitosan and its derivatives, materials with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent antibacterial properties, have garnered significant attention, and more and more studies on chitosan and its derivatives have been conducted in recent years.

Predicting the Impact of Polysulfone Dialyzers and Binder Dialysate Flow Rate on Bilirubin Removal.

Liver failure is the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. Protein-bound toxins such as bilirubin are responsible for many complications of the disease. Binder dialysis systems use albumin or another binding molecule in dialysate and detoxifying sorbent columns to remove these toxins.

Cost-Reference Particle Filter-Based Method for Constructing Effective Brain Networks: Application in Optically Pumped Magnetometer Magnetoencephalography.

Optically pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) represents a novel method for recording neural signals in the brain, offering the potential to measure critical neuroimaging characteristics such as effective brain networks. Effective brain networks describe the causal relationships and information flow between brain regions. In constructing effective brain networks using Granger causality, the noise in the multivariate autoregressive model (MVAR) is typically assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution.

3D Culture of MSCs for Clinical Application.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in regenerative medicine and drug discovery due to their multipotential differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory effects. Compared with traditional 2D cultures of MSCs, 3D cultures of MSCs have emerged as an effective approach to enhance cell viability, proliferation, and functionality, and provide a more relevant physiological environment. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of 3D-cultured MSCs, highlighting their roles in tissue regeneration and repair and drug screening.

Detection of Rat Pain-Related Grooming Behaviors Using Multistream Recurrent Convolutional Networks on Day-Long Video Recordings.

In experimental pain studies involving animals, subjective pain reports are not feasible. Current methods for detecting pain-related behaviors rely on human observation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, particularly for lengthy video recordings. Automating the quantification of these behaviors poses substantial challenges.

Enhanced Wound Healing and Autogenesis Through Lentiviral Transfection of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Combined with Dermal Substitute.

Background: Burns and chronic ulcers may cause severe skin loss, leading to critical health issues like shock, infection, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. Effective healing of full-thickness wounds may be challenging, with traditional methods facing limitations due to tissue shortage, infection, and lack of structural support.

Methods: This study explored the combined use of gene transfection and dermal substitutes to improve wound healing.

Beneficial Actions of 4-Methylumbelliferone in Type 1 Diabetes by Promoting β Cell Renewal and Inhibiting Dedifferentiation.

: This study aims to investigate the effects of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) on islet morphology, cell phenotype and function, and to explore possible mechanisms of β cell regeneration. : The Type 1 diabetes (T1D) model was induced by continuous dose injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and mice were treated with 4-MU for 3 weeks. Plasma insulin level, islet cell phenotype and immune infiltration were determined by IPGTT, ELISA, HE and immunofluorescence.

Breaking the Cycle: Perceived Control and Teacher-Student Relationships Shield Adolescents from Bullying Victimization over Time.

Background: Bullying victimization remains a grave issue in early adolescence. However, existing research often lacks a longitudinal perspective and sufficient attention to protective factors, particularly the dynamic role of teacher-student relationships.

Objective: This study explores the longitudinal protective mechanisms against bullying victimization, focusing on the roles of perceived control and teacher-student relationships.

The Effect of Salt Reduction on the Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition of Cheddar Cheese.

As consumer demand for low-salt diets increases, the development of low-salt cheese has emerged as a prevailing trend. To gain a deeper insight into the effects of salt reduction on cheddar cheese, this study used cheddar cheese with a 2.0% salt concentration (full salt, FS) as the standard control, exploring the differences in quality and composition between cheddar cheese with a 1.

Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Polysaccharides from : Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation.

This study optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymatic (UAE) extraction of TMP ( polysaccharide) through response surface methodology. The optimal conditions included complex enzyme comprising 1.15% cellulase, 0.

Progresses and Prospects on Glucosinolate Detection in Cruciferous Plants.

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest international research on detection methods for glucosinolates in cruciferous plants. This article examines various analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE), while highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, this review delves into recent advancements in sample preparation, extraction, and quantification methods, offering valuable insights into the accurate and efficient determination of glucosinolate content across diverse plant materials.

Effects of L9 on Oral Microbiota and Cariogenic Factors in -Infected Mice.

In the pathogenesis of dental caries, () plays a central role. can produce extracellular polysaccharides, which can help the bacteria form biofilms on the tooth surface, create a stable living environment, and hinder the removal of bacteria by natural defense substances in the oral cavity such as saliva. Meanwhile, the oral microbiota and dietary habits exert long-term influences on its development.

Global Research Trends and Future Directions for Buckwheat as a Smart Crop: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis.

Buckwheat ( Moench) originates from Central Asia and is widely distributed around the world. It is recognized as a versatile food crop due to its nutritional richness. Conducting a systematic analysis of the literature on buckwheat research can help scientific researchers achieve a better understanding of the current state, hotspots, and trends in this field, thereby promoting the sustainable development of buckwheat.

A Model for Selecting Kiwifruit () Germplasm Resources with Excellent Fruit Quality.

The evaluation of quality traits is an important procedure for kiwifruit breeding and comprehensive utilization. The present study aimed to establish a comprehensive system to assess germplasms by analyzing 22 quality traits on kiwifruit samples collected from a wild population of 236 plants grown in the Jiangxi Province, China. Variability, correlation, principal components, and cluster analyses were carried out using the data collected from fruit quality evaluations.

Comparative Analysis of Myofiber Characteristics, Shear Force, and Amino Acid Contents in Slow- and Fast-Growing Broilers.

Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics are pivotal in assessing meat quality. However, there is currently a lack of research precisely quantifying the total number of myofibers (TNM) of skeletal muscles. This study used Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and Wenchang (WC) chickens to determine the TNM of several skeletal muscles and the meat quality of the pectoralis major muscle (PM).

Drought Stress Inhibits the Accumulation of Rotenoids and the Biosynthesis of Drought-Responsive Phytohormones in (Edgew.) Heim Calli.

, distributed in the high-altitude, arid, and semi-arid regions of Xizang, exhibits great tolerance to drought, which is rich in rotenoids and other secondary metabolites. It is still unknown, though, how drought stress influences rotenoid synthesis in . : In this study, the calli of were subjected to 5% PEG6000 for 0, 20, and 40 h and divided into control group (CK), mild-drought-treated group (M), and high-drought-treated group (H), respectively.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Differential Salinity Tolerance Between and .

Background: and have obvious morphological features and strongly tolerate saline-alkali environments. However, the mechanisms that lead to the differences in saline-alkali tolerance between them remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we employed comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate and under saline-alkali stress.

Characterization of the Mitochondrial Genome of (Astacidea: Cambaridae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications.

Background: is an endangered freshwater crayfish in China, belonging to the genus Cambaroides, that can act as a complementary host for paragonimus. The objective of this study was to examine the complete mitochondrial genome characteristics and their evolutionary relationships within the Astacidea.

Methods: The analysis of gene rearrangements and evolutionary relationships was conducted through the sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of .

Potential Utility of SFB-1 as a Biocontrol Agent for Sweetpotato Black Rot Caused by .

: Sweetpotato black rot, caused by , is a severe fungal disease in sweetpotato production. Biological control strategies represent a promising, environmentally sustainable approach to managing this disease. This study investigates the biocontrol potential of SFB-1 against .