Lunar farside volcanism 2.8 billion years ago from Chang'e-6 basalts.

Unravelling the volcanic history of the enigmatic lunar farside is essential for understanding the hemispheric dichotomy of the Moon. Cratering chronology established for the lunar nearside has been used to suggest long-lived volcanism on the farside of the Moon, but without sample verification. Here we report two newly recognized episodes of basaltic volcanism with Pb-Pb dating for basalt fragments returned by the Chang'e-6 mission.

An apparatus for plasma cleaning and storage of transmission electron microscopy specimens and specimen holders.

The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen with thickness in nanometer scale is susceptible to hydrocarbon contamination and oxidation, and the specimen holder is also susceptible to contaminants, which would deteriorate the quality of TEM imaging and degrade the efficiency of TEM experiments. Conventional pretreatment devices often have limited functions and low practicability, which may cause problems for TEM specimens and holders. In this work, a multifunctional apparatus for plasma cleaning and storage of TEM specimens and specimen holders is developed based on the specific design of the vacuum joints.

Non-KREEP origin for Chang'e-5 basalts in the Procellarum KREEP Terrane.

Mare volcanics on the Moon are the key record of thermo-chemical evolution throughout most of lunar history. Young mare basalts-mainly distributed in a region rich in potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) in Oceanus Procellarum, called the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT)-were thought to be formed from KREEP-rich sources at depth. However, this hypothesis has not been tested with young basalts from the PKT.