Jonas Salk (1914-1995): Pioneering the Fight Against Polio and Beyond.

Jonas Salk (October 28, 1914 - June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher celebrated for his pioneering work in virology, particularly the development of the first successful polio vaccine. This review highlights Salk's multifaceted talent and contributions. His research on the poliovirus led to the creation of the inactivated polio vaccine, proving that it could prevent the disease.

Finding a balance: Reproductive trade-offs in parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae.

In this study conducted along the coast of Odisha, India, reproductive trade-offs in isopods of the family Cymothoidae were investigated, focusing on the relationship between the number vs. volume of eggs and the percentage of brood to body volume. Ovigerous females from species with substantial sample sizes (n > 30) were analyzed to understand their survival strategies.

Effective Removal of Selenium from Aqueous Solution using Iron-modified Dolochar: A Comprehensive Study and Machine Learning Predictive Analysis.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human beings, but excess concentration can lead to many health issues and degrade the ecosystem. This study focuses on the removal of selenium from an aqueous solution using iron-doped dolochar. SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR, and P were conducted to determine the surface characteristics of iron-doped dolochar (FeD).

The Use of Blockchain Technology in Public Health: Lessons Learned.

Blockchain is a new technology utilized to develop creative solutions in different industries, such as health care. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed encrypted system made up of interconnected blocks containing transaction-related information that can be shared with network participants. A blockchain network is utilized in the healthcare industry to safeguard and share patient information among hospitals, pharmacies, and doctors' diagnostic labs.

Reduced frequency dosing of osimertinib in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma: real world data.

Introduction: Osimertinib is more efficacious and as safe as first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, osimertinib is not affordable for most patients in developing nations. Moreover, the minimum biologically effective dose of osimertinib may be less than the approved dose.

Description of the Life Cycle Stages of the Parasitic Cymothoid, Cymothoa indica Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, and Its Prevalence in Commercial Fishes from Chilika Lagoon, India.

Purpose: To study the morphology of all the life stages and the life cycle of the parasitic isopod Cymothoa indica Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, and its prevalence in different commercial fishes in the Chilika Lagoon, India.

Methods: From April 2021 to December 2022, different life stages of the said parasites were collected from five different fish species from four localities of the Chilika Lagoon. The parasites were carefully removed from the host with a pair of forceps and then identified following standard literature and description.

Informatics-Driven Design of Superhard B-C-O Compounds.

Materials containing B, C, and O, due to the advantages of forming strong covalent bonds, may lead to materials that are superhard, i.e., those with a Vicker's hardness larger than 40 GPa.

Quantum-walk search in motion.

In quantum computing, the quantum walk search algorithm is designed for locating fixed marked nodes within a graph. However, when multiple marked nodes exist, the conventional search algorithm lacks the capacity to simultaneously amplify the marked nodes as well as identify the correct chronological ordering between the marked nodes, if any. To address this limitation, we explore a potential extension of the algorithm by introducing additional quantum states to label the marked nodes.

Functional Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Using the Sironix Titanium Button and the Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Button: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is most common among athletes compared to the general population. ACL reconstruction is a clinical standard for restoring joint mechanical stability and enabling sports return. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and functional outcomes after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the Sironix titanium button and the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) button.

Low-temperature 3D printing of transparent silica glass microstructures.

Transparent silica glass is one of the most essential materials used in society and industry, owing to its exceptional optical, thermal, and chemical properties. However, glass is extremely difficult to shape, especially into complex and miniaturized structures. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have allowed for the creation of glass structures, but these methods involve time-consuming and high-temperature processes.

Endometrial Histopathology in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Its Relation With Thyroid Profile and Endometrial Thickness.

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common complaint in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women, caused by a range of disorders, including structural and systemic diseases. The evaluation of endometrial thickness (ET) via radiological methods, followed by a histopathological examination of the endometrium, is useful for proper diagnosis. Among systemic diseases, thyroid dysfunction, specifically hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, contribute significantly to AUB cases.

Coal mine waste characterization and defluoridation property.

Fluoride contamination has been addressed as a major problem worldwide, along with the scarcity of water. This attracts researchers to do more research in the field of fluoride contamination and mitigation of high fluoride content in water. There are various studies, that used a variety of adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water.

Results of Phase III Randomized Trial for Use of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer, Unsuitable for Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiation.

Purpose: There is a lack of published literature on systemic therapeutic options in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) undergoing chemoradiation. Docetaxel was assessed as a radiosensitizer in this situation.

Methods: This was a randomized phase II/III study.

Prediction of RNA-interacting residues in a protein using CNN and evolutionary profile.

This paper describes a method Pprint2, which is an improved version of Pprint developed for predicting RNA-interacting residues in a protein. Training and independent/validation datasets used in this study comprises of 545 and 161 non-redundant RNA-binding proteins, respectively. All models were trained on training dataset and evaluated on the validation dataset.

Dual-receptor-targeted nanomedicines: emerging trends and advances in lung cancer therapeutics.

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Among all cancer types, lung cancer is recognized as the most lethal and highly metastatic. The application of targeted nanomedicine loaded with anticancer drugs is highly desirable for successful lung cancer treatment.

Polymer Structure Predictor (PSP): A Python Toolkit for Predicting Atomic-Level Structural Models for a Range of Polymer Geometries.

Three-dimensional atomic-level models of polymers are the starting points for physics-based simulation studies. A capability to generate reasonable initial structural models is highly desired for this purpose. We have developed a python toolkit, namely, polymer structure predictor (psp), to generate a hierarchy of polymer models, ranging from oligomers to infinite chains to crystals to amorphous models, using a simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) string of the polymer repeat unit as the primary input.

Dielectric Polymers Tolerant to Electric Field and Temperature Extremes: Integration of Phenomenology, Informatics, and Experimental Validation.

Flexible polymer dielectrics tolerant to electric field and temperature extremes are urgently needed for a spectrum of electrical and electronic applications. Given the complexity of the dielectric breakdown mechanism and the vast chemical space of polymers, the discovery of suitable candidates is nontrivial. We have laid the foundation for a systematic search of the polymer chemical space, which starts with "gold-standard" experimental measurements and data on the temperature-dependent breakdown strength () for a benchmark set of commercial dielectric polymer films.

An Informatics Approach for Designing Conducting Polymers.

Doping conjugated polymers, which are potential candidates for the next generation of organic electronics, is an effective strategy for manipulating their electrical conductivity. However, selecting a suitable polymer-dopant combination is exceptionally challenging because of the vastness of the chemical, configurational, and morphological spaces one needs to search. In this work, high-performance surrogate models, trained on available experimentally measured data, are developed to predict the p-type electrical conductivity and are used to screen a large candidate hypothetical data set of more than 800 000 polymer-dopant combinations.

Mannose Conjugated Starch Nanoparticles for Preferential Targeting of Liver Cancer.

Aim: To design D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit Seed Starch Nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for site-specific delivery.

Background: Liver cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world and the fifth most often diagnosed cancer. It is a major global threat to public health.

Inflammation, NF-κB, and Chronic Diseases: How are They Linked?

Most chronic diseases, caused by lifestyle factors, appear to be linked to inflammation. Inflammation is activated mechanistically, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a significant mediator. NF-κB, one of the most studied transcription factors, was first identified in the nucleus of B lymphocytes almost three decades ago.

Unraveling Correlations between Molecular Properties and Device Parameters of Organic Solar Cells Using Machine Learning.

Understanding the relationships between molecular properties and device parameters is highly desired not only to improve the overall performance of an organic solar cell but also to fulfill the requirements of a device for a particular application such as solar-to-fuel energy conversion (high open-circuit voltage ()) or solar window applications (high short circuit current ()). In this work, a series of machine learning models are built for three important device characteristics (, , and fill factor) using 13 crucial molecular properties as descriptors, resulting in an impressive predictive performance ( = 0.7).

Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome causing thrombocytopaenia: a rare association.

Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal complication of sudden withdrawal of dopaminergic drugs. Clinical features are similar to that of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) like hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction, altered sensorium, muscle rigidity; but instead of history of neuroleptic use, there is history of withdrawal of dopaminergic drugs. Laboratory examination generally show elevated creatine phosphokinase levels and may show elevated total leucocyte count.