Intraoperative and anatomic dimensions of the coracoid graft as they pertain to the Latarjet-Walch procedure.

Background: Our objective was to study the anatomic and intraoperative coracoid measurements with an aim to closely replicate the Latarjet-Walch technique and find the similarities and dissimilarities in our population.

Methods: In the cadaveric study, 20 shoulders in 10 fresh cadavers were dissected, and the coracoid length, width, and thickness were measured. In the intraoperative study, 10 patients underwent the classic Latarjet procedure according to the Walch technique.

Millisecond Timescale Motions Connect Amino Acid Interaction Networks in Alpha Tryptophan Synthase.

Tryptophan synthase is a model system for understanding allosteric regulation within enzyme complexes. Amino acid interaction networks were previously delineated in the isolated alpha subunit (αTS) in the absence of the beta subunit (βTS). The amino acid interaction networks were different between the ligand-free enzyme and the enzyme actively catalyzing turnover.

Severe bilateral knee osteonecrosis in a young man with human immunodeficiency virus.

We present a young man with a background Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presented with bilateral knee pain and reduced mobility. Subsequent imaging of the knees demonstrated florid osteonecrosis (ON), which was managed conservatively. ON is seen more commonly in HIV patients than the general population, however the underlying mechanism for this association is remains unclear.

Correlates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers in four north and east Indian states: findings of a national bio-behavioural survey.

The socio-demographic, sex work characteristics and the factors affecting HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) are not well known in low prevalence states showing rising trends within the HIV epidemic. This paper studies these attributes among FSWs in three north (Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) and one east Indian states (Jharkhand). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS) data, collected from 4491 FSWs in the study states, were analysed, with HIV status as the dependent variable and several socio-demographic, sex work, knowledge and agency characteristics as independent variables.

Differential genomics and transcriptomics between tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant BCR-ABL-dependent chronic myeloid leukemia.

Previously, it has been stated that the BCR-ABL fusion-protein is sufficient to induce Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), but additional genomic-changes are required for disease progression. Hence, we profiled control and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) alone or in combination with other drug-treated CML-samples in different phases, categorized as drug-sensitive and drug-resistant on the basis of BCR-ABL transcripts, the marker of major molecular-response. Molecular-profiling was done using the molecular-inversion probe-based-array, Human Transcriptomics-Array2.

Single-nucleotide and copy-number variance related to severity of hypospadias.

Background: The genetic association of hypospadias-risk studies has been conducted in Caucasians, Chinese-Han populations and few in Indian populations. However, no comprehensive approach has been followed to assess genetic involvement in the severity of the disorder.

Methods: The study evaluated to establish the correlation between genotyped single nucleotide and copy number variants (SNPs/CNVs) and severity of hypospadias by an association in a total 30 SNPs in genes related to sex hormone-biosynthesis and metabolism; embryonic-development and phospholipase-D-signalling pathways on 138 surgery-confirmed hypospadias-cases from North India (84 penile and 28 cases of penoscrotal-hypospadias as compared with 31 cases of glanular + coronal), and analyzed and identified CNVs in four familial cases (18 members) and three paired-sporadic cases (6 members) using array-based comparative-genomic-hybridization and validated in 32 hypospadias samples by TaqMan assay.

Experimental and Computational Study of the ( Z)-Selective Formation of Trisubstituted Olefins and Benzo-Fused Oxacycles from the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrative C-H Coupling of Phenols with Ketones.

The cationic Ru-H complex was found to be an effective catalyst for the dehydrative C-H coupling of phenols with ketones to form the trisubstituted olefin products. The coupling of phenol with linear ketones led to highly stereoselective formation of the ( Z)-olefin products. The dehydrative coupling of phenol with enones and diones efficiently formed the benzopyrene and related oxacyclic derivatives.

16S rRNA Long-Read Sequencing of the Granulation Tissue from Nonsmokers and Smokers-Severe Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

Smoking has been associated with increased risk of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal disease severity among smokers and nonsmokers which may help in better understanding of predisposition to this chronic inflammation mediated diseases. We selected deep-seated infected granulation tissue removed during periodontal flap surgery procedures for identification and differential abundance of residential bacterial species among smokers and nonsmokers through long-read sequencing technology targeting full-length 16S rRNA gene.

Assigning methyl resonances for protein solution-state NMR studies.

Solution-state NMR is an important tool for studying protein structure and function. The ability to probe methyl groups has substantially expanded the scope of proteins accessible by NMR spectroscopy, including facilitating study of proteins and complexes greater than 100 kDa in size. While the toolset for studying protein structure and dynamics by NMR continues to grow, a major rate-limiting step in these studies is the initial resonance assignments, especially for larger (>50 kDa) proteins.

Obstructive sleep apnea and the effect of CPAP treatment on ischemia-modified albumin levels: a multi effect size meta-analysis with diagnostic test accuracy.

Purpose: A close association of oxidative stress (OS) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported in the literature, but the results on IMA are ambiguous. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of IMA with OSA and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on IMA in patients with OSA.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and other databases in addition to manual searching of cross-references.

Anomalous Spectral Modulation of 4-Aminophthalimide inside Acetonitrile/AOT/ n-Heptane Microemulsion: New Insights on Reverse Micelle to Bicontinuous Microemulsion Transition.

The behavior of acetonitrile/sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/ n-heptane microemulsion, whether it remains as reverse micelle (RM) or bicontinuous microemulsion (BMC), has been controversial and even termed as a "problem system". Herein, we investigate the microemulsion using spectral and dynamical responses of a hydrophilic solvatochromic fluorophore 4-aminophthalimide (4-AP) at different w values (=[acetonitrile]/[AOT]). Interestingly, we found that emission parameters of 4-AP within the microemulsion vary differently at low and high w regimes.

A New Phase Transfer Strategy to Convert Protein-Capped Nanomaterials into Uniform Fluorescent Nanoclusters in Reverse Micellar Phase.

A new phase transfer strategy to convert aqueous phase protein-protected nanomaterials into fluorescent nanoclusters in the reverse micellar environment is introduced using bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an example. The basic pH employed in the fabrication of protein-protected nanoclusters induces the the protein capping to be negatively charged and facilitates the transfer process of the nanomaterials from aqueous phase to a cationic gemini surfactant (16-2-16)/hexane/hexanol/water reverse micelle (RM) phase. The original fluorescence characteristics of the seed nanocluster is retained after the transfer process.

Ensuring childhood vaccination among slums dwellers under the National Immunization Program in India - Challenges and opportunities.

Aims: Almost, one third of the world's urban population resides in slums and the number would double by 2030. Slums denotes collection of people from various communities having a meagre income and living in unhygienic conditions thus making themselves most vulnerable for outbreaks of communicable diseases. India contributes substantially to the global disease burden and under-five mortality rates i.

Argininosuccinate Synthetase-1 (ASS1) Loss in High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder: Implications for Targeted Therapy with ADI-PEG 20.

High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) of the urinary bladder encompass small cell (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Currently, recommended initial management is with systemic chemotherapy, followed by consolidative therapy with either radical cystectomy or radiotherapy in patients with localized disease. Nevertheless, survival in this setting remains poor.

Are Tooth Prints a Hard Tissue Equivalence of Finger Print in Mass Disaster: A Rationalized Review.

Personal identification methods may not be efficient when bodies are decomposed, burned, in cases of mass disasters when soft tissue cannot provide reliable information or has been lost. Various methods currently employed in forensic odontology for personal identification include comparing with antemortem dental charts, rugoscopy, denture labeling, DNA analysis from dental pulp, bite mark analysis, etc., Recently, there is growing interest in the study of enamel rod end patterns.

Remote control of resistive switching in TiO based resistive random access memory device.

We report on the magnetic field control of a bipolar resistive switching in Ag/TiO/FTO based resistive random access memory device through I-V characteristics. Essentially, in the presence of magnetic field and in the low resistance state, an abrupt change in the resistance of the device demands higher voltage, hinting that residual Lorentz force plays a significant role in controlling the resistance state. Endurance characteristics of the device infer that there is no degradation of the device even after repeated cycling, which ensures that the switching of resistance between 'off' and 'on' states is reproducible, reversible and controllable.

The effect of a radial neck notch on press-fit stem stability: a biomechanical study on 7 cadavers.

Background: Minimal micromotion is necessary for osteointegration of cementless radial head prostheses. When radial head fractures extend longitudinally, where the neck cut for prosthetic replacement should be made is uncertain. We hypothesized that complete resection of the notched portion of a radial neck confers no advantage in initial stability compared with not resecting the defect and inserting the implant into a notched radial neck.

Sustained progress, but no room for complacency: Results of 2015 HIV estimations in India.

Background & Objectives: Evidence-based planning has been the cornerstone of India's response to HIV/AIDS. Here we describe the process, method and tools used for generating the 2015 HIV estimates and provide a summary of the main results.

Methods: Spectrum software supported by the UNAIDS was used to produce HIV estimates for India as a whole and its States/Union Territories.

Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based artesunate nanoparticles: formulation, antimalarial and toxicity assessments.

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate polymer-based artesunate nanoparticles for malaria treatment.

Methods: Artesunate was loaded with poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by solvent evaporation from an oil-in-water single emulsion. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses.

Adult Survival in Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome with Common Atrium - A Rare Case Report.

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by chondral dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, polydactyly and congenital heart defects. Patients with this syndrome rarely survive into adulthood. The syndrome has also been rarely reported in the Indian population.

Antiplasmodial Activity and Toxicological Assessment of Curcumin PLGA-Encapsulated Nanoparticles.

Curcumin is a polyphenolic pigment isolated from the rhizomes of (turmeric), a medicinal plant widely used in the ancient Indian and Chinese medicine. The antiplasmodial activity of curcumin is often hampered by its fast metabolism and poor water solubility, thus its incorporation into a delivery system could circumvent this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and the toxicity assessment of curcumin incorporated into poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles.

Discrete-State Kinetics Model for NMR-Based Analysis of Protein Translocation on DNA at Equilibrium.

In the target DNA search process, sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins first nonspecifically bind to DNA and stochastically move from one site to another before reaching their targets. To rigorously assess how the translocation process influences NMR signals from proteins interacting with nonspecific DNA, we incorporated a discrete-state kinetic model for protein translocation on DNA into the McConnell equation. Using this equation, we simulated line shapes of NMR signals from proteins undergoing translocations on DNA through sliding, dissociation/reassociation, and intersegment transfer.

Coupling of Molecular Transition with the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles inside the Restricted Environment of Reverse Micelles.

Interaction of molecular transitions of two fluorophores-fluorescein (FL) and safranin O (SAF)-with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside a water/sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/-heptane reverse micelle (RM) has been studied using ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Here, we exploit the natural capacity of a RM to act simultaneously as a template for nanoparticle formation and host the fluorophores. The fluorophores and reducing agent were loaded together into the water pool; thereafter, silver salt was added, and subsequently, spectral modification and size evolution were monitored by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy.