An economical and practical procedure of favipiravir synthesis for the treatment of Covid-19.

Unlabelled: Favipiravir is a wide-spectrum antiviral generic drug that has received large attention during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. While there are synthetic strategies for favipiravir synthesis, economical procedures could contribute to industrial scale synthesis and availability. Accordingly, our efforts focused on an economic and scalable procedure for favipiravir synthesis via the 3,6-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile intermediate obtained from 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.

Factors in sample volume and quality of CT-guided vertebral biopsy: location and needle trajectory.

Aim: To assess sample volume (by its length and diameter) and sample quality (judging by its integrity) in CT-guided vertebral biopsy due to lesion location and needle trajectory method as individual study variables each.

Material And Methods: Of 48 patients, 25 were men and 23 were women; ranging from 33 to 85 years of age, with a median age of 65.5 years.