Genetic diversity in Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica isolates from human and canine hosts in northern Morocco.

This study investigated nine provinces in northern Morocco and collected 275 skin scraping, 22 bone marrow aspirates, and 89 fine needle aspirations from suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients and potentially infected dogs. Molecular analysis using ITS1 RFLP PCR and RT-PCR revealed a higher prevalence of L. infantum (66.

Diagnostic Accuracy of an Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) for Screening of in Cattle from West Africa.

The epidemiology of corresponding tick-borne diseases has changed as a result of the recent introduction of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to West Africa. The current study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of an indirect ELISA for the detection of Babesia bovis infection in cattle. In a cross-section study, using a Bayesian Latent Class Model and iELISA diagnostic test for cattle babesiosis due to Babesia bovis, accuracy has been assessed with RT-PCR as an imperfect reference test.

Prevalence, risk factors and zoonotic potential of intestinal parasites in dogs from four locations in Morocco.

Dogs can harbor various intestinal parasites that have serious clinical, economic, and zoonotic impact. In Morocco, the epidemiological status of those parasites is largely unknown. This study aimed to obtain data on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in various Moroccan dog populations, to identify associated risk factors, to evaluate people's knowledge regarding zoonotic parasites and to estimate the risk of human infection.

Incidences of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) Transmitted Pathogens in Cattle in West Africa.

Context And Purpose: In a context of recent introduction of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick species in West Africa, the purpose of the authors is to estimate incidence density of cattle babesiosis either caused by Babesia bigemina or Babesia bovis, and cattle anaplasmosis. Incidence density represents how quickly a disease or a condition is occurring amongst a group of individuals at risk.

Methods: The longitudinal and prospective study design took place in south, centre, east, west and north of Côte d'Ivoire.

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Abound in the Cattle Population of the Rabat-Sale Kenitra Region, Morocco.

Tick-borne pathogens cause the majority of diseases in the cattle population in Morocco. In this study, ticks were collected from cattle in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco and identified morphologically, while tick-borne pathogens were detected in cattle blood samples via polymerase chain reaction assay and sequencing. A total of 3394 adult ixodid ticks were collected from cattle and identified as eight different tick species representing two genera, and .

Variation of diazinon and amitraz susceptibility of Hyalomma marginatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco.

In the present study, the acaricide susceptibility status of Hyalomma marginatum in Morocco was investigated in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region using the Larval Packet Test. The overall LC value for diazinon and amitraz was 115 ppm (95% CI: [104; 125]) and 22 ppm (95% CI: [21; 23]), respectively. The LC values varied significantly between the nine sampled locations (P<0.

Canine Leishmaniasis in Morocco: A Descriptive Prospective Clinical Study.

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease that is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin including Morocco. Dogs play a major epidemiological role in this zoonosis as reservoir hosts. This study investigated the clinical manifestations of CanL in dogs naturally infected with .

Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review.

is a worldwide emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by ticks and naturally maintained in complex and incompletely assessed enzootic cycles. Several studies have demonstrated an extensive genetic variability with variable host tropisms and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and modified pathogenicity is not yet understood.

Rearing of Hyalomma marginatum (Acarina: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions in Morocco.

Hyalomma marginatum Koch is one of the main tick vectors of human and animal tick-borne diseases. The objective of this study was to establish standard procedures for rearing H. marginatum under laboratory conditions.

Feasibility and acceptability of a new integrated approach to control cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: Vaccination of sheep and anthelmintic treatment of dogs.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis is a common parasitic disease worldwide, especially in poor and developing countries. In Morocco, CE is a major zoonosis, despite the implementation of a national control program since 2007. Therefore, in 2016, a field trial that associates the EG95 vaccine (lambs) and anthelmintic treatment (dogs) was started in the Mid Atlas, the most endemic region in Morocco, with preliminary positive results.

Using qualitative approaches to explore the challenges of integrated programmes for zoonosis control in developing countries: Example of hydatidosis control in Morocco.

Cystic echinococcosis, rabies and bovine tuberculosis are major neglected zoonoses in many developing countries, including Morocco. A common step in their control strategies is the management of slaughterhouses and/or the control of dog populations. This study used a qualitative approach to identify the barriers to the implementation of the cystic echinococcosis control programme in Morocco that focused on slaughterhouses and dog control.

Stakeholder analysis to improve the national control program of cystic echinococcosis in Morocco.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a major zoonosis in Morocco. Despite a national hydatidosis control programme (NHCP) established in 2005, CE burden is still high nationwide. The aim of this study was to carry out an NHCP stakeholders' analysis to identify weak points and propose improvement strategies.

The socio-economic burden of cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: A combination of estimation method.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a major zoonosis in Morocco despite the launch of a national control programme in 2005. As its economic consequences have not been studied yet in Morocco, this study estimated CE impact in terms of monetary losses, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and DALY for zoonotic diseases (zDALY) in the entire country and in specific regions for the 2011 to 2014 period. The direct monetary losses were related to organ seizure from infected animal in slaughterhouses, and to healthcare expenses as well as lost wages for infected humans.

Cystic Echinococcosis in Three Locations in the Middle Atlas, Morocco: Estimation of the Infection Rate in the Dog Reservoir.

A longitudinal study was carried out in Middle atlas, Morocco (locality of Had Oued Ifrane) in a population of 255 dogs from three localities, including two categories of dogs (owned and stray dogs). The dogs were investigated three times over a period ranging from 4 to 8 months between December and August. At each investigation, dogs were treated with arecoline, inducing defecation and allowing feces collection.

Community perception and knowledge of cystic echinococcosis in the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a neglected zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, remains a public health issue in many developing countries that practice extensive sheep breeding. Control of CE is difficult and requires a community-based integrated approach. We assessed the communities' knowledge and perception of CE, its animal hosts, and its control in a CE endemic area of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco.

A review of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco: A vertical analysisto determine appropriate interventions for control and prevention.

Leishmaniasis is considered one of the most neglected diseases worldwide. In Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis is an important public health problem. Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are the two major species in this country.

Accuracy of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Based on Antigen Detection for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients with Suggestive Skin Lesions in Morocco.

In rural areas in Morocco, diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be challenging. We evaluated the accuracy of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) based on antigen detection, CL Detect Rapid Test (Inbios International Inc., Seattle, WA), in this setting.

Psychosocial burden of localised cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a scoping review.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic skin disease, linked to poverty, and belonging to the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Depending on the severity, the type of lesions or scars, and the context, CL can lead to self- and social stigma influencing the quality of life and psychological well-being of the patient. This dimension is, however, little documented for the most common, localized form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL).

"The mosquitoes that destroy your face". Social impact of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in South-eastern Morocco, A qualitative study.

Objective: To document the psychosocial burden of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in rural communities in Southeastern Morocco.

Method: Between March and April 2015, we conducted qualitative research in communities exposed to Leishmania major or L. tropica in Errachidia and Tinghir provinces.

Anaplasma spp. in dogs and owners in north-western Morocco.

Background: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen of increased interest worldwide which has been detected in northern Africa. Anaplasma platys is also present in this region and could possibly have a zoonotic potential. However, only one recent article reports on the human esposure to A.

Detection of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. anibodies, and Dirofilaria immitis antigens in dogs from seven locations of Morocco.

In Morocco no data has been published on canine exposure to Anaplasma spp., Borrrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia spp., and only one report is available on the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs.

Psychosocial impact of scars due to cutaneous leishmaniasis on high school students in Errachidia province, Morocco.

Background: In Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is usually known to be a slowly healing localized skin disease, but in some cases, it can lead to mutilating scars. The outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in the Errachidia province in southeastern Morocco between 2008 and 2010 left many adolescents with permanent scar tissue on the face or other exposed body parts. We studied the psychosocial impact of CL on these young people.

Human Exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Two Cities of Northwestern Morocco.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis with extensive increased interest. Epidemiological data are available in several regions of the USA, Europe and Asia in contrast to other parts of the world such as North Africa. Blood samples of 261 healthy individuals divided in two groups i.

Control of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in south-eastern Morocco.

Objective: The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania major has increased in Morocco over the last decade, prompting the Ministry of Health to take intersectoral response measures including vector and reservoir control. The aim of this article was to describe the CL outbreak response measures taken in the province of Errachidia, where the reservoir of L. major, a sand rat (Meriones shawi), was targeted using strychnine-poisoned wheat baits from 2010 to 2012.

Intersectoral collaboration between the medical and veterinary professions in low-resource societies: The role of research and training institutions.

Background: Neglected zoonoses continue to significantly affect human health in low-resource countries. A symposium was organised in Antwerp, Belgium, on 5 November 2010 to evaluate how intersectoral collaboration among educational and research institutions could improve the situation.

Results: Brucellosis and echinococcosis were presented as models for intersectoral collaboration.