Application of duplex sequencing to evaluate mutagenicity of aristolochic acid and methapyrilene in Fisher 344 rats.

Duplex sequencing (DS) is an error-corrected next-generation sequencing (NGS) method that can overcome notorious high error rate from the process of NGS and detect ultralow-frequency mutations. In this study, we evaluated the mutagenicity of aristolochic acid, a known genotoxic carcinogen, and methapyrilene, a known nongenotoxic carcinogen using DS. Four male Fisher 344 rats were treated with aristolochic acid, methapyrilene, or the vehicle control for 6 weeks, liver tissues were collected one day after the treatment, and the DNA was isolated for analysis.

Potential application of PS-OCT in the safety assessment of non-steroidal topical creams for atopic dermatitis treatment.

Crisaborole 2% ointment is a non-steroidal treatment for mild-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) and may produce fewer adverse effects than topical corticosteroids (TCS). We used PS-OCT to quantify dermal collagen at baseline and after 29 days of treatment with crisaborole and betamethasone valerate (BMV), in 32 subjects. PS-OCT detected a mean increase 1 × 10-6, 95% CI (6.

Ligand-based active targeting strategies for cancer theranostics.

In the past decades, for the intermediate or advanced cancerous stages, preclinical and clinical applications of nanomedicines in cancer theranostics have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, decreased specificity and poor targeting efficiency with low target concentration of theranostic are the major drawbacks of nanomedicine in employing clinical substitution over conventional systemic therapy. Consequently, ligand decorated nanocarrier-mediated targeted drug delivery system can transcend the obstructions through their enhanced retention activity and increased permeability with effective targeting.

The Combination of Laser and Nanoparticles for Enamel Protection: An In Vitro Study.

Dental decay is caused by the fermentation of carbohydrates and the production of acids which demineralize teeth. The fermented food debris lowers the pH under 5.5, resulting in the mineral loss of teeth.

Neuroprotective effects of insulin like growth factor-1 on engineered metal nanoparticles Ag, Cu and Al induced blood-brain barrier breakdown, edema formation, oxidative stress, upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and brain pathology.

Military personnel are vulnerable to environmental or industrial exposure of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) from metals. Long-term exposure of NPs from various sources affect sensory-motor or cognitive brain functions. Thus, a possibility exists that chronic exposure of NPs affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and brain pathology by inducing oxidative stress and/or nitric oxide production.

Topical application of CNTF, GDNF and BDNF in combination attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, edema formation, hemeoxygenase-2 upregulation, and cord pathology.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of disability in Military personnel for which no suitable therapeutic strategies are available till today. Thus, exploration of novel therapeutic measures is highly needed to enhance the quality of life of SCI victims. Previously, topical application of BDNF and GDNF in combination over the injured spinal cord after 90min induced marked neuroprotection.

Superior antioxidant and anti-ischemic neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin in heat stroke following intoxication of engineered metal Ag and Cu nanoparticles: A comparative biochemical and physiological study with other stroke therapies.

Military personnel are often exposed to high environmental heat associated with industrial or ambient abundance of nanoparticles (NPs) affecting brain function. We have shown that engineered metal NPs Ag and Cu exacerbate hyperthermia induced brain pathology. Thus, exploration of novel drug therapy is needed for effective neuroprotection in heat stroke intoxicated with NPs.

Cerebrolysin restores balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in brain following concussive head injury. Superior neuroprotective effects of TiO nanowired drug delivery.

Concussive head injury (CHI) often associated with military personnel, soccer players and related sports personnel leads to serious clinical situation causing lifetime disabilities. About 3-4k head injury per 100k populations are recorded in the United States since 2000-2014. The annual incidence of concussion has now reached to 1.

Methamphetamine exacerbates pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury at high altitude. Neuroprotective effects of nanodelivery of a potent antioxidant compound H-290/51.

Military personnel are often exposed to high altitude (HA, ca. 4500-5000m) for combat operations associated with neurological dysfunctions. HA is a severe stressful situation and people frequently use methamphetamine (METH) or other psychostimulants to cope stress.

Histamine H3 and H4 receptors modulate Parkinson's disease induced brain pathology. Neuroprotective effects of nanowired BF-2649 and clobenpropit with anti-histamine-antibody therapy.

Military personnel deployed in combat operations are highly prone to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) in later lives. PD largely involves dopaminergic pathways with hallmarks of increased alpha synuclein (ASNC), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) precipitating brain pathology. However, increased histaminergic nerve fibers in substantia nigra pars Compacta (SNpc), striatum (STr) and caudate putamen (CP) associated with upregulation of Histamine H3 receptors and downregulation of H4 receptors in human cases of PD is observed in postmortem cases.

Manganese nanoparticles induce blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral blood flow reduction, edema formation and brain pathology associated with cognitive and motor dysfunctions.

Nanoparticles affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain edema formation resulting in sensory-motor dysfunction. Exposure of Mn nanoparticles from industrial sources in humans could target basal ganglia resulting in Parkinson's disease. In present investigation, Mn exposure on brain pathology in a rat model was examined.

Upregulation of hemeoxygenase enzymes HO-1 and HO-2 following ischemia-reperfusion injury in connection with experimental cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal injuries after cardiac arrest. Increased production of carbon monoxide (CO) by the enzyme hemeoxygenase (HO) in the brain is induced by the oxidative stress. HO is present in the CNS in two isoforms, namely the inducible HO-1 and the constitutive HO-2.

Nanodelivery of traditional Chinese Gingko Biloba extract EGb-761 and bilobalide BN-52021 induces superior neuroprotective effects on pathophysiology of heat stroke.

Military personnel often exposed to high summer heat are vulnerable to heat stroke (HS) resulting in abnormal brain function and mental anomalies. There are reasons to believe that leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to hyperthermia and development of brain edema could result in brain pathology. Thus, exploration of suitable therapeutic strategies is needed to induce neuroprotection in HS.

Nanodelivery of oxiracetam enhances memory, functional recovery and induces neuroprotection following concussive head injury.

Military personnel are the most susceptible to concussive head injury (CHI) caused by explosion, blast or missile or blunt head trauma. Mild to moderate CHI could induce lifetime functional and cognitive disturbances causing significant decrease in quality of life. Severe CHI leads to instant death and lifetime paralysis.

Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is exacerbated following traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection by co-administration of nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide.

Military personnel are prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is one of the risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later stage. TBI induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum proteins into the brain and leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta peptide (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments causing AD brain pathology. Thus, there is a need to expand our knowledge on the role of TBI in AD.

Cerebrolysin enhances spinal cord conduction and reduces blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown, edema formation, immediate early gene expression and cord pathology after injury.

Spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) are good indicators of spinal cord function in health and disease. Disturbances in SCEP amplitudes and latencies during spinal cord monitoring predict spinal cord pathology following trauma. Treatment with neuroprotective agents preserves SCEP and reduces cord pathology after injury.

Diabetes exacerbates brain pathology following a focal blast brain injury: New role of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin and nanomedicine.

Blast brain injury (bBI) is a combination of several forces of pressure, rotation, penetration of sharp objects and chemical exposure causing laceration, perforation and tissue losses in the brain. The bBI is quite prevalent in military personnel during combat operations. However, no suitable therapeutic strategies are available so far to minimize bBI pathology.

Protein kinase inhibitors in traumatic brain injury and repair: New roles of nanomedicine.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes physical injury to the cell membranes of neurons, glial and axons causing the release of several neurochemicals including glutamate and cytokines altering cell-signaling pathways. Upregulation of mitogen associated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) occurs that is largely responsible for cell death. The pharmacological blockade of these pathways results in cell survival.

Mild traumatic brain injury exacerbates Parkinson's disease induced hemeoxygenase-2 expression and brain pathology: Neuroprotective effects of co-administration of TiO nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the leading predisposing factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mild or moderate TBI induces rapid production of tau protein and alpha synuclein (ASNC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in several brain areas. Enhanced tau-phosphorylation and ASNC alters the molecular machinery of the brain leading to PD pathology.

Co-administration of TiO-nanowired dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) and mesenchymal stem cells enhanced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease exacerbated by concussive head injury.

dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) is a powerful antioxidant compound with profound neuroprotective effects in stroke and brain injury. However, its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well known. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the key factors in precipitating PD like symptoms in civilians and particularly in military personnel.

Concussive head injury exacerbates neuropathology of sleep deprivation: Superior neuroprotection by co-administration of TiO-nanowired cerebrolysin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and mesenchymal stem cells.

Sleep deprivation (SD) is common in military personnel engaged in combat operations leading to brain dysfunction. Military personnel during acute or chronic SD often prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) indicating the possibility of further exacerbating brain pathology. Several lines of evidence suggest that in both TBI and SD alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels decreases in plasma and brain.

New data on the hoverflies of Morocco (Diptera, Syrphidae) with faunistic and bibliographical inventories.

All published records of 148 species of hoverflies from Morocco are reviewed and appropriate literature references, new locality records, and relevant comments are provided for each species. The list is supplemented with records from new field surveys. Two species, (Fabricius, 1805) and Loew, 1843 are recorded for the first time in Morocco.

Tricuspid valve infective endocarditis in a non-IVDU patient with atopic dermatitis.

A 29-year-old male, with chronic atopic dermatitis (AD), presented with a 2-week history of fatigue, pyrexia and weight loss. Examination showed eczematous patches with lichenified papules, erosions on the right shin and a new murmur. Blood cultures isolated methicillin-sensitive .

Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier in brain tumor. Novel therapeutic advances using nanomedicine.

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is one the most common intracranial tumors discovered by Burns (1800) and Abernethy (1804) based on gross morphology of the autopsied material and referred to as "medullary sarcoma" and later "fungus medullare" (Abernethy, 1804; Burns, 1800). Virchow in 1863 was the first German pathologist using histomorphological techniques discovered that GBM is a tumor of glial origin. Virchow (1863/65) also then used the term Glioma for the first time and classified as low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma very similar to that of today according to World health organization (WHO) classification (Jellinger, 1978; Virchow, 1863/65).