Stretched penile length and anogenital distance in Egyptian boys aged one month to five years.

Background: In children with isolated unilateral undescended testis mechanical anomalies are commonly implicated and a diagnosis of simple hypospadius implies that the rest of the external genitalia are normal. Patients with disorders of sexual development, by contrast, have other associated genital anomalies including micropenis and should be referred to the endocrinologist for hormonal assessment before surgical correction of undescended testis or hypospadius. Early diagnosis of abnormal penile size is important but proper assessment begins with defining the normal population-specific age-appropriate reference range.

World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist with Addition of Infection Control Items: Intervention Study in Egypt.

Background: Surgical team is in command of the operating room (OR) and takes decisions regarding various patient care procedures. Educational programs directed to them, should be creative, provocative and tailored to their specific needs and the expected outcomes.

Aim: This study aims to design and conduct an educational program of patient safety and infection control for the OR team based on the WHO surgical safety checklist and to assess their post-intervention knowledge and practices.

Cathelicidin (LL-37) level in the scalp hair of patients with tinea capitis.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered an important first line of defense against pathogens. Cathelicidin LL-37 was upregulated in response to fungal infection. In this work we aimed to evaluate cathelicidin LL-37 in the hair of tinea capitis and compare it to normal controls.

Epilepsy prevalence in Al-Manial Island, Egypt. A door-to-door survey.

Background: Epidemiologic studies of epilepsy are lacking from the majority of the Arab countries; although there are significant needs for such studies. This study was conducted on a sample of Al-Manial Island, Cairo city, one of the highest cities in population density in the world.

Participants And Methods: A community-based, door to door, cross-sectional study using multistage random sample including 512 families (1751 individuals).

Anti-dermatophyte efficacy and environmental safety of some essential oils commercial and in vitro extracted pure and combined against four keratinophilic pathogenic fungi.

Aim: Establish new biocontrol practices with low persistence in the environment against dermatophyte causing mycosis.

Methods: Antimycotic activity of twenty-six plant-derived commercial essential oils (EOs) was evaluated against four dermatophyte keratinophilic fungi (Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). Commercial EOs which showed the strongest mycelial growth inhibitions were selected and re-extracted in vitro from fresh plant samples.

Quality of wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation and its impact on public health.

This study is planned to perform a sanitary survey of the largest sewage treatment plant in Riyadh, KSA, fortnightly for 6 months to examine its effluent quality as an example for the growing dependence on reuse of treated municipal wastewater in agricultural irrigation purposes to cope with increasing water shortage. The biological and physico-chemical parameters of 12 wastewater samples from the plant were examined using standard methods. The physico-chemical analysis indicated that the surveyed municipal wastewater treatment plant contained some of the studied parameters, such as turbidity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and residual chlorine above the maximum permissible wastewater limits set by the Saudi Standards.