The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis Management.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder predominantly afflicting young adults. The etiology of MS is intricate, involving a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Current research increasingly focuses on the substantial contribution of gut microbiota in MS pathogenesis.

Association between insulin resistance and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is increasing evidence of metabolic perturbations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and insulin is an important parameter that has controversial effects on neurological disease. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to explore the association between insulin resistance (IR) and MS as well as insulin levels and MS. Three electronic databases, including Medline, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were examined up to 26 May 2023 for observational studies.

Potential therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of exosomes in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.

Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles that are released by cells and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can be internalized by other cells, inducing inflammatory responses and instigating toxicities in the recipient cells. Exosomes can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo to maintain homeostasis.

Does vitamin D reduce the mortality rate of Plasmodium infection?: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vitamin D supplementation is recommended as an effective adjunct to counteract malaria pathogenesis, but the evidence on this point is limited and controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D administration on the survival rate of Plasmodium-infected animals in experimentally-induced malaria on days 6 and 10 post-infection.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched up to 20 December 2021.

Intranasal administration of fingolimod (FTY720) attenuates demyelination area in lysolecithin-induced demyelination model of rat optic chiasm.

Background: Fingolimod (FTY720) is an oral immunosuppressive compound that has been prescribed to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients since 2010. The lipophilicity and low molecular weight of FTY720 allows it to cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and exert both peripheral and central effects. Previous reports showed that intranasal (IN) administration of drugs are the preferred non-invasive route, which bypasses BBB and improves their delivery and bioavailability in the central nervous system (CNS).

Modulation of mRNA Expression of Monoacylglycerol Lipase, Diacylglycerol Lipase and Cannabinoid Receptor-1 in Mice Experimentally Infected with .

, an obligate intracellular parasite, infects more than 30% of world's population. This parasite is considered to be neurotropic, and has high tropism for the central nervous system, and potentially induces cryptogenic epilepsy by no clear mechanism. The current study aimed to investigate the alteration of the main components of the endocannabinoid signaling systems in -infected mice.

Impact of disease-modifying drugs on the severity of COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients.

Recent evidence suggested that neurological manifestations occur in patients with a severe form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). On the basis of this issue, neurologists are very concerned about patients with neurological disorders, especially multiple sclerosis (MS), as consumers of immunosuppressive or immune-modulating drugs. Therefore, the administration of proper disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in MS patients is critical during the pandemic status.

The role of microRNAs in multiple sclerosis.

Despite numerous studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) and understanding many aspects of this disease, researchers still struggle to find proper biomarkers that facilitate diagnosis; prognosis and monitoring of treatment efficacy in MS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as endogenous, comparatively stable and small non-coding RNAs involved in various biological and pathological signaling pathways. Interestingly, miRNAs have been emerged as a potential biomarker for monitoring novel therapies in MS patients.

The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In attempt to identify an appropriate treatment for improving the neurological symptoms and remyelination process, autologous and allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced as an effective therapeutic strategy in MS. MSCs are a heterogeneous subset of pluripotent non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta and other sources.

Upregulation of klotho and erythropoietin contributes to the neuroprotection induced by curcumin-loaded nanoparticles in experimental model of chronic epilepsy.

Klotho, which is a life extension factor, and erythropoietin (EPO) have been introduced as effective neuroprotective factors in several neurological disorders. The present study is an attempt to examine the potential role of klotho and EPO in therapeutic effect of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling model. In order to induce the kindling model, PTZ was administrated intraperitoneally (i.

An Apparent Correlation Between Central Nervous System and Kidney's Erythropoietin and TNF Alpha Expression at Peak Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Disease.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelination disease associated with inflammatory reactions and attenuation of antioxidant capacity. Several lines of evidence show that organs such as the liver and kidneys can share their antioxidant activity to protect the central nervous system (CNS) against neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the possible interplay of the kidneys and CNS in pathogenesis of EAE.