Publications by authors named "Sahar Moghaddam"
Background: This study presents estimates for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) burden and attributable risk factors in Iran from 1990-2019, using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.
Methods: This study reports prevalence, incidence, death, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) of T2DM in Iran, by sex, age, and province, from 1990 to 2019. We also present the T2DM burden attributable to risk factors.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the prevalence and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in Iranian adults, finding that about 6.42% are classified as MHO.
- Nearly 25% of obese individuals, with a higher prevalence among men and women, showed MHO characteristics, and this group was younger than those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO).
- Although MHO has a lower CVD risk compared to MUO, there is a possibility that individuals with MHO may transition to a less healthy state over time.
Article Synopsis
- - This study examined the impact of lead exposure in Iran from 1990 to 2019, measuring factors like deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using data from the Global Burden of Disease study.
- - The results showed a significant decrease in lead exposure-related health issues, with reductions of 50.7% in years of life lost (YLLs) and 48.9% in DALYs, but the overall burden remains high, particularly in low-income areas and for older males.
- - Key health problems linked to lead exposure include mental disorders and chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), with CVDs causing the most significant burden in
Multiple cardiovascular risk factor care in 55 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative, individual-level data from 280,783 adults.
PLOS Glob Public Health
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- - Individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a high prevalence of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, particularly hypertension and diabetes, which were examined using data from 55 population-based surveys from 2009-2019.
- - The study included nearly 119,000 non-pregnant adults aged 40-69, revealing that those with both hypertension and diabetes had higher awareness of their diagnosis (64.1%) compared to those with just one condition (47.4% for hypertension and 46.7% for diabetes).
- - Despite higher awareness and treatment for those with concurrent conditions, only 7% of individuals effectively managed both hypertension and diabetes simultaneously, highlighting significant gaps
Background: Recent evidence provides the facts behind the perceptions about women researchers participating in health research (HR). Women scientists as almost half of active researchers in HR fields have important and fundamental role. The present study aimed to analyses the situation of women participation in HR of Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKidney cancer (KC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of KC have risen in recent decades. The quality of care provided to KC patients is a concern for public health.
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- The study investigates the high prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the North Africa and Middle East region, revealing a substantial lack of knowledge regarding its epidemiological status.
- An analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study shows significant increases in T2DM incidence (79.6%) and prevalence (85.5%) from 1990 to 2019, along with rising mortality rates and years lived with disability (YLDs).
- The findings highlight that modifiable risk factors, such as high body mass index, low physical activity, and pollution, are key contributors to T2DM-related deaths, suggesting that addressing these factors could help mitigate the
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed the quality of care for oesophageal cancer by examining Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2019, focusing on patients aged 20 and older.
- Results showed a significant increase in the Quality of Care Index (QCI) globally, particularly in high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, but a decrease in low SDI regions, with older patients and females having better care quality.
- The findings highlight the need for improved healthcare services and resources to ensure equitable quality of care for all age groups and genders worldwide.
Diagnostic testing for hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of data for 994 185 individuals from 57 nationally representative surveys.
Lancet Glob Health
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the testing rates for cardiovascular disease risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on sociodemographic inequalities.
- Data from nearly 1 million adults across 57 surveys reveal that only a small percentage meet the WHO criteria for testing: 19.1% for hypertension, 23.8% for diabetes, and 27.4% for hypercholesterolaemia.
- Testing rates varied significantly by sex, wealth, and education, with women showing higher testing rates for hypertension compared to men.
Background: Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) as part of non-communicable diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide, especially in the WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). The family physician program (FPP) proposed by WHO is a health strategy to provide primary health care and improve the community's awareness of non-communicable diseases. Since there was no clear focus on the causal effect of FPP on the prevalence, screening, and awareness of HTN and DM, the primary objective of this study is to determine the causal effect of FPP on these factors in Iran, which is an EMR country.
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- This study examines trends in exposure and health burden from four major metabolic risk factors—high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019.
- Findings reveal a decrease in the mortality rates associated with high LDL and high SBP, but an increase in the rates for high BMI and high FPG over the same period.
- Overall, exposure to all four risk factors rose significantly, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies at various levels to combat these growing health issues in the region.
Article Synopsis
- The Iran Cohort Study (ICS) is an observational study aimed at understanding risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran, with a focus on evidence-based prevention and management.
- Data collection began with the STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance survey in 2016, and follow-ups are conducted via phone to assess the impact of various risk factors over three years.
- The study aims to produce a comprehensive data bank, detailed reports on risk factors, and policy recommendations to enhance health programs in Iran, marking it as the first national representative study of its kind in the region.
Effect of air pollution on disease burden, mortality, and life expectancy in North Africa and the Middle East: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Lancet Planet Health
May 2023
Article Synopsis
- Air pollution is a significant health risk in North Africa and the Middle East, contributing to high levels of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yet the specific impacts of different pollution types on health across various populations remain under-researched.
- The study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 to analyze the effects of particulate matter (PM) and ozone pollution on disease burden, mortality, and life expectancy in 21 countries from 1990 to 2019, incorporating various types of air pollution and attributions to specific health outcomes.
- Findings revealed a 44.5% decrease in the age-standardized DALY rate from 1990 to 2019, with Afghanistan, Yemen
Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 (SDG 3.2) is to reduce Under-5 and neonatal mortality rates (U5MR and NMR), two major health systems' performance indicators, globally by 2030.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Data on the distribution of the burden of diseases is vital for policymakers for the appropriate allocation of resources. In this study, we report the geographical and time trends of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in Iran from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global burden of the Disease (GBD) study 2019.
Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 study to report the burden of CRDs through disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, incidence, prevalence, Years of Life lost (YLL), and Years Lost to Disability (YLD).
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines the epidemiology of central nervous system (CNS) cancers in Iran from 1990 to 2019 to address the lack of comprehensive data for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation.
- - Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, key measures such as incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed, showing significant burden with 5,811 new cases and 3,494 deaths reported in 2019.
- - Results indicate a rising trend in CNS cancer incidence across all demographics, while mortality rates have largely stabilized, particularly notable in patients under 15 years, emphasizing the need for targeted healthcare strategies.
Epidemiology of Brain and Other Central Nervous System Cancers in the North Africa and Middle East Region: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019.
World Neurosurg
March 2023
Objective: To present estimates of prevalence and incidence of and contributors to central nervous system (CNS) cancers, death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2019 in North Africa and the Middle East.
Methods: Primary measures were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease 2019. Contribution of various factors to observed incidence and mortality changes was investigated with decomposition and age-period-cohort analyses.
Article Synopsis
- HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, with current efforts falling short of global targets for eradication set by UNAIDS and the SDGs.
- The study utilized extensive data from various HIV prevalence surveys to estimate localized HIV infection rates across 43 African countries, focusing on specific age and sex groups from 2000 to 2018.
- Findings revealed wide disparities in HIV prevalence within countries and districts, indicating that age and sex stratification provides more nuanced insights into the epidemic, which can help tailor prevention and treatment efforts more effectively.
Purpose: Diabetes care is one of the major healthcare problems This study aimed to introduce a recently-developed Quality of Care Index (QCI) for type 2 diabetes and utilized it to compare different genders, age groups, and Iranian provinces.
Methods: From the Global Burden of Disease 1990-2019 database, we obtained primary epidemiologic measures and combined them to build four secondary indices, all indicating the quality of care provided to patients. We utilized the principal component analysis (PCA) method to calculate the substantial component named QCI (with a scale of 0-100).
Social determinants of health inequity in Iran: a narrative review.
J Diabetes Metab Disord
June 2023
Objective: COVID-19 burden the health system by influencing several aspects of social determinants of health (SDH). We review SDH inequity in Iran with notice on COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions.
Method: The Databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the burden and quality of care for cirrhosis and chronic liver diseases using data from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 to assess various health indicators.
- The Quality-of-Care Index (QCI) for cirrhosis improved globally from 71.0 in 1990 to 79.3 in 2019, with significant disparities observed between high-income and low-income countries.
- Higher QCIs were linked to specific age groups and causes of cirrhosis, indicating a need for targeted interventions in lower QCI regions, primarily in developing countries, to manage the disease better.
Background: Thyroid cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among cancers of the endocrine system. We aimed to describe the trends of thyroid cancer burden in North Africa and Middle East for 1990-2019.
Methods: Data on burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019.
Background: Effective equity-focused health policy for hypertension in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires an understanding of the condition's current socioeconomic gradients and how these are likely to change in the future as countries develop economically.
Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how hypertension prevalence in LMICs varies by individuals' education and household wealth, and how these socioeconomic gradients in hypertension prevalence are associated with a country's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
Methods: We pooled nationally representative household survey data from 76 LMICs.