Risk of Postoperative Hypermagnesemia in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Assisted Cardiovascular Surgery.

Background: Magnesium administration is a common practice in cardiovascular surgeries utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, concerns persist regarding the risk of hypermagnesemia, particularly in patients with kidney dysfunction. This study aims to determine the incidence of postoperative hypermagnesemia in CPB-assisted cardiovascular surgeries and identify the associated risk factors.

Kidney Care in Times of Crises: A Review.

The global burden of kidney disease is increasing, paralleled by a rising number of natural and man-made crises. During these tumultuous times, accessing vital health care resources becomes challenging, posing significant risks to individuals, particularly those with kidney disease. This review delves into the impact of crises on kidney disease, with a particular focus on acute kidney injury (AKI), kidney failure, and kidney transplant.

Sleepiness and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Kidney Transplant Recipients in a Low-Middle Income Country: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aims to describe daytime sleepiness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Lebanese kidney transplant (KT) recipients and to examine the medical, psychosocial and transplant factors related to them. It is a cross-sectional multi-center study involving KT recipients >18 years. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using ESS Questionnaire.

Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Hypertension in Glomerular Diseases.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms that lead to hypertension in glomerular diseases and the advancements in treatment strategies and to provide clinicians with valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based therapeutic approaches for managing hypertension in patients with glomerular diseases.

Recent Findings: In recent years, there have been remarkable advancements in our understanding of the immune and non-immune mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in glomerular diseases. Furthermore, this review will encompass the latest data on management strategies, including RAAS inhibition, endothelin receptor blockers, SGLT2 inhibitors, and immune-based therapies.

Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a Diabetic Patient with Normal Kidney Function and Occult Cirrhosis.

Background: Lactic acidosis is a well-known complication of metformin accumulation in diabetic patients with kidney failure. However, it is not usual to raise the diagnosis of metformin-associated lactic acidosis when patients have normal kidney function. The causes of metformin-induced high lactate include the accumulation of normal doses of metformin in chronic kidney disease, an overdose of this drug without kidney failure, or an increase in lactate production due to the inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis.

Peri-renal adipose inflammation contributes to renal dysfunction in a non-obese prediabetic rat model: Role of anti-diabetic drugs.

Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose.

Impact of Forced Human Migration on Management of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Host Countries.

Forced human migration has affected many populations in the past few decades, the worst has been from Syria, Afghanistan, Kosovo and Venezuela. Neighbouring countries such as Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, Iran, Macedonia, Albania and Colombia have struggled to provide care to refugees with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This review describes and assesses the impact of forced human migration on host countries and the challenges they face when managing refugees with ESKD.

Clinical characteristics, risk factors and microbiology of infections in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis.

Background: The infectious complications in hemodialysis patients are still among the main reasons for their increased morbidity and mortality. The possible reasons behind this might be due to impairments in the host defense mechanisms, comorbidities, invasive procedures and pathogenicity of the infecting organisms. With the increased incidence of bacteremia in hemodialysis patients and the overt use of antibiotics, we have witnessed a rise in the number of new multidrug resistant (MDR) strains in those patients.

Hungry bone syndrome two weeks after starting cinacalcet: a call for caution.

Cinacalcet is an effective and safe alternative to parathyroidectomy in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia is a known complication of treatment that is usually readily reversible upon discontinuation of the drug. It rarely manifests severely and symptomatically requiring hospital admission.

Reduction of intracerebral hemorrhage in hemodialysis patients after reducing aspirin use: A quality-assurance observational study.

There is so far no international consensus concerning the prescription of antithrombotic agents in hemodialysis patients. It is not clear yet why they cause more bleeding in some patients and are beneficial in others. We therefore tried to find out what triggers bleeding in this population.

Induced vomiting for attention seeking and secondary gain: An unusual cause of pseudo-resistant hypertension.

In patients with complex psychosocial history presenting with resistant hypertension, observed therapy should be implemented early on to avoid unnecessary investigations and delayed diagnosis.

Transient Central Diabetes Insipidus and Marked Hypernatremia following Cardiorespiratory Arrest.

Central Diabetes Insipidus is often an overlooked complication of cardiopulmonary arrest and anoxic brain injury. We report a case of transient Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) following cardiopulmonary arrest. It developed 4 days after the arrest resulting in polyuria and marked hypernatremia of 199 mM.

Rhabdomyolysis in an HIV cohort: epidemiology, causes and outcomes.

Background: The Literature on rhabdomyolysis in the HIV-positive population is sparse and limited. We aimed to explore the incidence, patient characteristics, etiologies and outcomes of rhabdomyolysis in a cohort of HIV-positive patients identified through the Johns Hopkins HIV clinical registry between June 1992 and April 2014.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 362 HIV-positive patients with non-cardiac CK elevation ≥1000 IU/L was performed.