Predicting anionic surfactant toxicity to Daphnia magna in aquatic environment: a green approach for evaluation of EC values.

The median effective concentration (EC) is the concentration of a substance expected to produce a specific effect in 50% of the populations with a certain density under defined conditions. This parameter is expressed as an acute toxicity and is obtained via chemical toxicity testing. But, the laboratory work is time-consuming, expensive, and not eco-friendly.