CAR-T cell therapy in triple-negative breast cancer: Hunting the invisible devil.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known as the most intricate and hard-to-treat subtype of breast cancer. TNBC cells do not express the well-known estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressed by other breast cancer subtypes. This phenomenon leaves no room for novel treatment approaches including endocrine and HER2-specific antibody therapies.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HO-1 decreased the proliferation and migration of T47D cells and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis: an in vitro study.

Breast cancer is the most common type of neoplasm and the second cause of cancer-related death in women. Despite the development of novel therapeutic strategies and improved the clinical outcomes, the mortality rate for breast cancer is still high. Therefore, development of a new modality, particularly based on knocking out key genes, is under focus of investigation.

Nanobody-based CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is the result of combining genetic engineering-based cancer immunotherapy with adoptive cell therapy (ACT). CAR-T therapy has been successful in treating various types of hematological cancers. CARs are receptors made of an extracellular domain, a membrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular domain.