Due to the photocatalytic property of titanium dioxide (TiO), its application may be dependent on the growing light environment. In this study, radish plants were cultivated under four light intensities (75, 150, 300, and 600 μmol m s photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD), and were weekly sprayed (three times in total) with TiO nanoparticles at different concentrations (0, 50, and 100 μmol L). Based on the obtained results, plants used two contrasting strategies depending on the growing PPFD.
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