Another dimension in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: comparison of 2- and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for image quality and diagnostic performance in the evaluation of pathologically verified intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas.

Materials And Methods: In this institutional review board-approved retrospective review, 21 patients (14 women and 7 men; mean age, 69 years; range, 43-93 years) who underwent 2D and 3D MRCPs on a 1.5-T system for pathologically confirmed IPMN were studied.

Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of sunitinib monotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II study.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore biomarkers for sunitinib response.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a multidisciplinary phase II study of sunitinib, an antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in advanced HCC. Patients received sunitinib 37.

Efficacy, safety, and biomarkers of neoadjuvant bevacizumab, radiation therapy, and fluorouracil in rectal cancer: a multidisciplinary phase II study.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant bevacizumab with standard chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer and explore biomarkers for response.

Patients And Methods: In a phase I/II study, 32 patients received four cycles of therapy consisting of: bevacizumab infusion (5 or 10 mg/kg) on day 1 of each cycle; fluorouracil infusion (225 mg/m(2)/24 hours) during cycles 2 to 4; external-beam irradiation (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions over 5.

Role of computed tomography perfusion in the evaluation of pancreatic necrosis and pancreatitis after endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation of the pancreas in a porcine model.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) perfusion in detection of pancreatic necrosis and pancreatitis after endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of porcine pancreas and to correlate the evaluation with histopathology.

Methods: Under endoscopic ultrasound guidance, 0.9% saline (control) and ethanol at 60%, 80%, and 100% concentrations were injected into the pancreatic tails of 4 pigs.

Identification of a novel kindred with familial pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

Background/aims: Hereditary pancreatic cancer comprises about 10% of pancreatic cancer cases. Multiple causative mutations have been identified. Here we describe a pancreatitis/pancreatic cancer (P/PC) family, which demonstrates pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer resulting from an uncharacterized mutation.

Computerized tomography magnified bone windows are superior to standard soft tissue windows for accurate measurement of stone size: an in vitro and clinical study.

Purpose: We determined the most accurate method of measuring urinary stones on computerized tomography.

Materials And Methods: For the in vitro portion of the study 24 calculi, including 12 calcium oxalate monohydrate and 12 uric acid stones, that had been previously collected at our clinic were measured manually with hand calipers as the gold standard measurement. The calculi were then embedded into human kidney-sized potatoes and scanned using 64-slice multidetector computerized tomography.

Benign hepatic neoplasms: an update on cross-sectional imaging spectrum.

Benign hepatic neoplasms constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with characteristic histology and variable tumor biology. Based on the cell of origin, benign hepatic neoplasms are classified into epithelial, nonepithelial, and miscellaneous categories according to the 2000 World Health Organization classification system. Benign hepatic neoplasms demonstrate a wide spectrum of imaging findings that reflect the histomorphologic changes.

Body perfusion CT: technique, clinical applications, and advances.

Perfusion CT has made tremendous progress since its inception and is gradually broadening its applications from the research realm into routine clinical care. This has been particularly noteworthy in the oncological setting, where perfusion CT is emerging as a valuable tool in tissue characterization, risk stratification and monitoring treatment effects especially assessing early response to novel targeted therapies. Recent technological advancements in CT have paved ways to overcome the initial limitations of restricted tissue coverage and radiation dose concerns.

Advanced postprocessing and the emerging role of computer-aided detection.

Advances in multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners have increased the pace of development of advanced postprocessing applications, such as virtual endoscopy (VE), segmentation and volumetry, and computer-aided postprocessing methods. Availability of thin-section MDCT data sets of isotropic voxel resolution ensures accuracy in structure segmentation, which is an important initial prerequisite on which the results of such advanced postprocessing applications are based. This article explains the technique of VE, segmentations and volumetry and various computer-aided post processing methods, with emphasis on their importance in the present clinical scenario.

Multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms have gained recognition in recent years as premalignant precursors to pancreatic cancer that enable early detection and often are found incidentally at imaging. Accurate diagnosis and optimal, finely tuned management of these lesions are important and require collaboration across various disciplines, including radiology, endoscopy, surgery, and pathology. Several imaging modalities can visualize these lesions adequately, each with specific advantages and disadvantages.

Behavior of hepatocellular adenoma on real-time low-mechanical index contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with a second-generation contrast agent.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the behavior of histologically proven hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) on low-mechanical index (MI) contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).

Methods: A review of the databases from 4 academic hospitals revealed 18 patients (15 female and 3 male; mean age, 40 years; range, 25-71 years) with 25 histologically proven HCA lesions who were studied with CEUS at a low MI (0.04-0.

Autoimmune pancreatitis: disease evolution, staging, response assessment, and CT features that predict response to corticosteroid therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the evolution of morphologic features of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) at computed tomography (CT) and to identify imaging features that can predict AIP response to corticosteroid therapy (CST).

Materials And Methods: This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study had institutional review board approval. From among a cohort of 63 patients with AIP, 15 patients (12 men, three women; mean age, 64.

Differences in computed tomography density of the renal papillae of stone formers and non-stone-formers: a pilot study.

Purpose: It is thought that Randall's plaques, calcium deposits in the renal papillae of patients with nephrolithiasis, may serve as a nidus for stone formation. We examined the density of renal papillae in patients with stones and control patients using attenuation measurements (HU) on Computed Tomography (CT) to determine whether nephrolithiasis is associated with radiographic changes in renal papillae.

Materials And Methods: Hounsfield density measurements of a 0.

Liver lesion detection and characterization in patients with colorectal cancer: a comparison of low radiation dose non-enhanced PET/CT, contrast-enhanced PET/CT, and liver MRI.

Objectives: To compare low-radiation dose non-enhanced fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) (NE-PET/CT), contrast-enhanced fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (CE-PET/CT), and gadolinium-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection and characterization of liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: In this retrospective review of imaging database of CRC patients with suspected liver metastases, 33 patients (22 men, 11 women; mean age, 63 years) evaluated with low-radiation dose NE-PET/CT, CE-PET/CT, and liver MRI were studied. The final diagnosis was established either by pathological examination or follow-up imaging over a period of at least 6 months for lesion stability or growth.

Cholangiocarcinoma: current and novel imaging techniques.

The radiologic manifestations of cholangiocarcinomas are extremely diverse, since these tumors vary greatly in location, growth pattern, and histologic type. Familiarity with the imaging manifestations of cholangiocarcinomas is important for accurate detection and characterization of these tumors and assessment of resectability. Advances in imaging techniques have led to the availability of an array of modalities that, used independently or in combination, can aid in the accurate diagnosis and evaluation of cholangiocarcinomas in preparation for advanced surgical procedures and treatment planning.

Metabolic tumor width parameters as determined on PET/CT predict disease-free survival and treatment response in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the utility of metabolic tumor width parameters in predicting response to chemoradiotherapy and in predicting disease-free survival in patients with esophageal cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible confounding effect of therapy-induced esophagitis on the evaluation of treatment response. Forty-nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma, who had undergone positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) exams before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, were included in the study.

Optimal arterial phase imaging for detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma determined by continuous image capture on 16-MDCT.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimal time delay before the initiation of arterial phase scanning for detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on 16-MDCT when a rapid bolus injection of contrast medium is administered.

Subjects And Methods: In this prospective study, 25 patients (19 men and six women; mean age, 63.5 years; age range, 50-81 years) with pathologically confirmed HCC were included.

Multiple-detector computed tomographic angiography of pancreatic neoplasm for presurgical planning: comparison of low- and high-concentration nonionic contrast media.

Objective: To evaluate the degree of contrast enhancement, image quality, and accuracy of predicting resectability of pancreatic neoplasm with 16-row multiple-detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography using low- and high-concentration (300 and 370 mg of iodine per milliliter, respectively) contrast media (CMs).

Materials And Methods: Forty patients who had undergone pancreatic CT angiography (CTA) on 16-MDCT scanner and had surgery were included. Contrast medium of 2 iodine concentrations (group A, 300 mg/mL, n = 20; group B, 370 mg/mL, n = 20) from the same vendor (Isovue; Bracco Diagnostics), with iodine dose of 550 to 600 mg/kg of body weight, was injected at a rate of 5 mL/s.

Tumour length measured on PET-CT predicts the most appropriate stage-dependent therapeutic approach in oesophageal cancer.

To compare the accuracy of determining the most appropriate treatment approach based on a visual analysis on combined PET-CT, based on a visual analysis on PET (reviewed side-by-side with CT) and based on tumour length measurements (on PET and PET-CT). Tumour length, SUV, and the length-SUV index (length x SUV) were assessed (on PET and PET-CT) in benign oesophageal lesions (reflux oesophagitis; n = 29), in potentially curable stages of oesophageal cancer (Tis; T1-T3NxM0; curable group; n = 52), and in stages of oesophageal cancer best treated with palliative therapy (T4NxMx; TxNxM1; palliative group; n = 30). All lesions were histopathologically proven.

Assessment of pancreatic tumor resectability with multidetector computed tomography: semiautomated console-generated images versus dedicated workstation-generated images.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images generated at a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner console using advanced tools at a three-dimensional (3D) workstation for assessment of pancreatic tumor resectability.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval and informed consent wavier were obtained for this retrospective study. The intraoperative findings were used as reference standard.