T1-weighted Motion Mitigation in Abdominal MRI: Technical Principles, Clinical Applications, Current Limitations, and Future Prospects.

T1-weighted (T1W) pulse sequences are an indispensable component of clinical protocols in abdominal MRI but usually require multiple breath holds (BHs) during the examination, which not all patients can sustain. Patient motion can affect the quality of T1W imaging so that key diagnostic information, such as intrinsic signal intensity and contrast enhancement image patterns, cannot be determined. Patient motion also has a negative impact on examination efficiency, as multiple acquisition attempts prolong the duration of the examination and often remain noncontributory.

Assessing the Capability of ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing in Solving Radiology Case Vignettes.

 The field of radiology relies on accurate interpretation of medical images for effective diagnosis and patient care. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing have sparked interest in exploring the potential of AI models in assisting radiologists. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the performance of AI models in radiology case interpretation, particularly in comparison to human experts.

Intra-patient variability of iodine quantification across different dual-energy CT platforms: assessment of normalization techniques.

Objectives: To investigate intra-patient variability of iodine concentration (IC) between three different dual-energy CT (DECT) platforms and to test different normalization approaches.

Methods: Forty-four patients who underwent portal venous phase abdominal DECT on a dual-source (dsDECT), a rapid kVp switching (rsDECT), and a dual-layer detector platform (dlDECT) during cancer follow-up were retrospectively included. IC in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys and different normalized ICs (NIC:portal vein; NIC:abdominal aorta; NIC:overall iodine load) were compared between the three DECT scanners for each patient.

Diagnostic performance and feasibility of dual-layer detector dual-energy CT for characterization of urinary stones in patients of different sizes.

Background: Urinary stones are frequently encountered in urology and are typically identified using non-contrast CT scans. Dual-energy CT (DECT) is a valuable imaging technique that produces material-specific images and allows for precise assessment of stone composition by estimating the effective atomic number (Z), a capability not achievable with the conventional single-energy CT's attenuation measurement method.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance and image quality of dual-layer detector DECT (dlDECT) in characterizing urinary stones in patients of different sizes.

Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Technological Considerations.

Compared to conventional single-energy CT (SECT), dual-energy CT (DECT) provides additional information to better characterize imaged tissues. Approaches to DECT acquisition vary by vendor and include source-based and detector-based systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Despite the different approaches to DECT acquisition, the most utilized DECT images include routine SECT equivalent, virtual monoenergetic, material density (eg, iodine map), and virtual non-contrast images.

Observation of the Time-Reversal Symmetric Hall Effect in Graphene-WSe Heterostructures at Room Temperature.

In this Letter, we provide experimental evidence of the time-reversal symmetric Hall effect in a mesoscopic system, namely, high-mobility graphene-WSe heterostructures. This linear, dissipative Hall effect, whose sign depends on the sign of the charge carriers, persists up to room temperature. The magnitude and the sign of the Hall signal can be tuned using an external perpendicular electric field.

Optimal Abdominal CT Image Quality in Non-Lean Patients: Customization of CM Injection Protocols and Low-Energy Acquisitions.

We compared the image quality of abdominopelvic single-energy CT with 100 kVp (SECT-100 kVp) and dual-energy CT with 65 keV (DECT-65 keV) obtained with customized injection protocols to standard abdominopelvic CT scans (SECT-120 kVp) with fixed volumes of contrast media (CM). We retrospectively included 91 patients (mean age, 60.7 ± 15.

The why, who, how, and what of communicating CT radiation risks to patients and healthcare providers.

Computed tomography (CT) has witnessed tremendous growth in utilization. Despite its immense benefits, there is a growing concern from the general public and the medical community about the detrimental consequences of ionizing radiation from CT. Anxiety from the perceived risks associated with CT can deter referring physicians from ordering clinically indicated CT scans and patients from undergoing medically necessary exams.

Renal lesion characterization: clinical utility of single-phase dual-energy CT compared to MRI and dual-phase single-energy CT.

Objectives: To assess the impact of dual-energy CT (DECT) utilization in practice by measuring the readers' confidence, the need for additional image requests, and diagnostic performance in renal lesion assessment, compared to single-energy CT (SECT) using contrast-enhanced MRI to establish the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine patients (M/F = 47/22) who underwent a dual-phase renal SECT (n = 34) or DECT (n = 35) and had a contrast-enhanced MRI within 180 days were retrospectively collected. Three radiologists assessed images on different sessions (SECT, DECT, and MRI) for (1) likely diagnosis (enhancing/non-enhancing); (2) diagnostic confidence (5-point Likert scale); (3) need for additional imaging test (yes/no); and (4) need for follow-up imaging (yes/no).

Comparison of Four Dual-Energy CT Scanner Technologies for Determining Renal Stone Composition: A Phantom Approach.

Background Studies have investigated the value of various dual-energy CT (DECT) technologies for determining renal stone composition. However, sparse multivendor comparison data exist. Purpose To compare the performance of four DECT technologies in determining renal stone composition at standard- and low-dose acquisitions.

Renal Lesion Characterization by Dual-Layer Dual-Energy CT: Comparison of Virtual and True Unenhanced Images.

Prior studies have provided mixed results for the ability to replace true unenhanced (TUE) images with virtual unenhanced (VUE) images when characterizing renal lesions by dual-energy CT (DECT). Detector-based dual-layer DECT (dlDECT) systems may optimize performance of VUE images for this purpose. The purpose of this article was to compare dual-phase dlDECT examinations evaluated using VUE and TUE images in differentiating cystic and solid renal masses.

Quantitative dual-energy CT techniques in the abdomen.

Advances in dual-energy CT (DECT) technology and spectral techniques are catalyzing the widespread implementation of this technology across multiple radiology subspecialties. The inclusion of energy- and material-specific datasets has ushered overall improvements in CT image contrast and noise as well as artifacts reduction, leading to considerable progress in radiologists' ability to detect and characterize pathologies in the abdomen. The scope of this article is to provide an overview of various quantitative clinical DECT applications in the abdomen and pelvis.

Point-of-Care Virtual Radiology Consultations in Primary Care: A Feasibility Study of a New Model for Patient-Centered Care in Radiology.

Background: The goal of this study is to assess the value of point-of-care virtual consultations in radiology.

Methods: We conducted an institutional review board-approved feasibility study of video-based radiology consultations in an internal medicine primary care clinic at a quaternary academic medical center. The study included 3 primary care providers (PCPs) and enrolled 43 patients.

Virtual Unenhanced Images: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison Between Different Dual-Energy CT Scanners in a Patient and Phantom Study.

Materials And Methods: Forty-four patients with clinical contrast-enhanced abdominal examinations on each of the 3 DECT scanner types and a phantom scanned with the same protocols were included in this retrospective study. Qualitative and quantitative assessment was performed on VUE images. Quantitative evaluation included measurement of attenuation and image noise for various tissues and the phantom.

Society of Abdominal Radiology Disease Focused Panel Survey on Clinical Utilization of Incidental Pancreatic Cyst Management Recommendations and Template Reporting.

Objective: To assess current practice patterns with respect to protocols used for incidental pancreatic cyst follow-up, management guidelines, and template reporting.

Methods: The Society of Abdominal Radiology Disease Focused Panel on intraductal pancreatic neoplasms distributed an anonymous 14-question survey to its members in June 2018 that focused on current utilization of incidental pancreatic cyst guidelines, protocols, and template reporting.

Results: Among the 1,390 email invitations, 323 responded, and 94.

Dual-layer dual-energy CT for characterization of adrenal nodules: can virtual unenhanced images replace true unenhanced acquisitions?

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of dual-layer dual-energy CT (dlDECT) in the evaluation of adrenal nodules.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 66 patients with triphasic dlDECT (unenhanced, venous phase (VP), delayed phase (DP)) for suspected adrenal lesions were included. Virtual unenhanced images (VUE) were derived from VP acquisitions.

Radiomics Texture Features in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Correlation with Mutation and 5-year Overall Survival.

Purpose: To explore the potential of radiomics texture features as potential biomarkers to enable detection of the presence of mutation and prediction of 5-year overall survival (OS) in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 145 patients (mean age, 61 years ± 14 [standard deviation {SD}]; 68 female patients and 77 male patients) with stage IV CRC who underwent molecular profiling and pretreatment contrast material-enhanced CT scans between 2004 and 2018 were included. Tumor radiomics texture features, including the mean, the SD, the mean value of positive pixels (MPP), skewness, kurtosis, and entropy, were extracted from regions of interest on CT images after applying three Laplacian-of-Gaussian filters known as spatial scaling factors (SSFs) (SSF = 2, fine; SSF = 4, medium; SSF = 6, coarse) by using specialized software; values of these parameters were also obtained without filtration (SSF = 0).

Recognizing and Minimizing Artifacts at Dual-Energy CT.

Dual-energy CT (DECT) is an exciting innovation in CT technology with profound capabilities to improve diagnosis and add value to patient care. Significant advances in this technology over the past decade have improved our ability to successfully adopt DECT into the clinical routine. To enable effective use of DECT, one must be aware of the pitfalls and artifacts related to this technology.

Dual-Energy CT Images: Pearls and Pitfalls.

Dual-energy CT (DECT) is a tremendous innovation in CT technology that allows creation of numerous imaging datasets by enabling discrete acquisitions at more than one energy level. The wide range of images generated from a single DECT acquisition provides several benefits such as improved lesion detection and characterization, superior determination of material composition, reduction in the dose of iodine, and more robust quantification. Technological advances and the proliferation of various processing methods have led to the availability of diverse vendor-based DECT approaches, each with a different acquisition and image reconstruction process.