Recent developments using malononitrile in ultrasound-assisted multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles.

Ultrasonic irradiation serves as a vigorous and environmentally sustainable approach for augmenting multicomponent reactions (MCRs), offering benefits such as thermal enhancement, agitation, and activation, among others. Malononitrile emerges as a versatile reagent in this context, participating in a myriad of MCRs to produce structurally diverse heterocyclic frameworks. This review encapsulates the critical role of malononitrile in the sonochemical multicomponent synthesis of these heterocyclic structures.

Recent advances in the multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles using tetronic acid.

Tetronic acid, a versatile synthon, has been extensively investigated by numerous researchers in synthetic chemistry due to its crucial role in synthesizing heterocycles which makes this compound particularly advantageous in both pharmaceutical and biological fields. Various heterocycles can be synthesized using it as a precursor multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Dicarbonyl groups can be considered the building blocks and key structural motifs of a wide range of natural compounds, which may contain different functional groups in the synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks.