Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Genes in the 20-Hydroxyecdysone Biosynthesis in the Fern towards Challenges with Foliar Application of Chitosan.

is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the Polypodiaceae family. In this study, we analyzed the effects of foliar spraying of chitosan on growth promotion and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) production in . Treatment with chitosan at a concentration of 50 mg/L in both young and mature sterile fronds induced the highest increase in the amount of accumulated 20E.

Transcriptome Assembly of Two Fern Species Identifies Enzymes Required for Two Upstream Pathways of Phytoecdysteroids.

species produce a high amount of phytoecdysteroids (PEs), which are widely used in traditional medicine in the Pacific islands. The PEs in two different species, (MP) and (MS), were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In particular, MS produces a high amount of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is the main active compound in PEs.

Evolutionary relationships of the ancient fern lineage the adder's tongues (Ophioglossaceae) with description of Sahashia gen. nov.

As an ancient lineage of ferns, Ophioglossaceae are evolutionarily among the most fascinating because they have the highest chromosome count of any known organism as well as the presence of sporophores, subterranean gametophytes, eusporangiate sporangia without annuli, and endophytic fungi. Previous studies have produced conflicting results, identifyingsome lineages with unresolved relationships, and have paid much attention to the subfamily Botrychioideae. But the other species-rich subfamily, Ophioglossoideae, has remained largely understudied and only up to 12 accessions of Ophioglossoideae have been sampled.