Metformin use and its association with various outcomes in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care facility.

Background: Evidence shows that diabetes raises the probability of contracting COVID-19 and associated complications. We hypothesize that metformin, being pleiotropic, may improve COVID-19 in diabetics.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 421 COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hospitalized between 1st April 2020 and 31st March 2022 in a tertiary-care hospital.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Emerging therapeutic options.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a common but underrecognized compli-cation of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Although the pathobiology of other cardiac complications of diabetes such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are mostly known with reasonable therapeutic options, the mechanisms and management options for DbCM are still not fully understood. In its early stages, DbCM presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately managed.

Association of vitamin D status and vitamin D receptor polymorphism in diabetic foot ulcer patients: A prospective observational study in a South-Indian tertiary healthcare facility.

Objective of the study was to find the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (Fokl, Taql and Apal) with vitamin D levels in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients in South India. In this case-control study, plasma vitamin D levels and VDR genotype frequencies of 70 cases (DFU patients) were compared with 70 diabetic (diabetes mellitus [DM] [non-DFU]) patients and 70 apparently healthy controls (HC) from South India. Plasma vitamin D levels were measured using the ELISA technique, and genotyping of VDR polymorphisms was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Diabetes and tuberculosis: An emerging dual threat to healthcare.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21 century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent decades. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for the development and perpetuation of TB owing to the immune dysfunction in patients with DM. The coexistence of both diseases in the same individual also aggravates disease severity, complications, and chance of treatment failure because of gross immune alterations posed by DM as well as TB.

Identification of challenges and leveraging mHealth technology, with need-based solutions to empower self-management in type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study.

Introduction: Effective diabetes management relies mainly on an individual's ability to perform self-care tasks. However, this process is influenced by a complex interplay of factors. This study explores the multifaceted influences on Diabetes Self-Management (DSM), examining both factors influencing and affecting DSM.

Exploring extended reality for diabetes education & self-management - A bibliometric analysis from 1999 to 2023.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as a rapidly growing non-communicable disease (NCD) across developed & developing countries. People with diabetes mellitus experience health implications. They develop associated microvascular complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy & retinopathy and macro-vascular complications like coronary artery disease, stroke, amputations etc.

Isoniazid-induced pancreatitis: A systematic review.

Background: Isoniazid-induced pancreatitis is a potentially serious adverse drug reaction, however, the frequency of its occurrence is unknown. We conducted a systematic review to explore this adverse drug reaction comprehensively.

Methods: We performed an advanced search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, and Embase for studies that reported isoniazid-induced pancreatitis.

Micronutrients in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

About 10 to 20% of reported pregnancies have complications like spontaneous abortion (SA), preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), and fetal growth restriction (FGR); 60% are attributed to maternal nutritional alterations. Multiple micronutrients (MMN) are supplemented in the antenatal period, but no proper validation/guidelines are available regarding dosing/time, the need for initiation, and the duration of supplementation. Studies have reported adverse pregnancy complications related to the overuse/unwanted use of multiple micronutrient supplementations during pregnancy.

Prandial Insulins: A Person-Centered Choice.

Purpose Of Review: Postprandial hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose after meals, is associated with the development and progression of various diabetes-related complications. Prandial insulins are designed to replicate the natural insulin release after meals and are highly effective in managing post-meal glucose spikes. Currently, different types of prandial insulins are available such as human regular insulin, rapid-acting analogs, ultra-rapid-acting analogs, and inhaled insulins.

Effect of exercise-based rehabilitation on functional capacity and renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is a growing public health challenge with implications on health. Renal function decline impacts the functional ability and overall health and well-being of individuals with diabetic nephropathy due to development of several renal manifestations. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of an exercise-based rehabilitation program on functional capacity and renal function among individuals with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Development and Testing of an Electronic Diabetes Diary Integrated With a Hospital Information System for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading noncommunicable diseases that require diabetes self-management (DSM) practices. This study proposes to develop a customized mobile health (mHealth) app integrated with a hospital information system (HIS) to enable real-time, two-way transfer of information between the patient and physician. The captured information in the electronic health record will facilitate physicians to have a chronological account of the patient's diabetes history and enable tweaking of the treatment.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of ONWARDS phase 3 randomized controlled trials.

Aim: Insulin icodec is a novel ultra-long action basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration. With the merit of once-a-week administration, it promises better adherence and greater treatment satisfaction because of reduced injection frequency. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec in comparison with other basal insulin analogues in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Neuropathic Pain, Nerve Conduction and Plantar Pressure Distribution in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy - A Systematic Review.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most common symptoms are neuropathic pain and altered sensorium due to damage to small nerve fibers. Altered plantar pressure distribution is also a major risk factor in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, leading to diabetic foot ulcers.

Perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on metabolic monitoring of adult prescribed second-generation antipsychotics for severe mental illness: A meta-synthesis.

Objectives: We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies to synthesize the views of psychiatric patients on second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and the healthcare providers about the metabolic monitoring of adult-prescribed SGAs.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases through SCOPUS, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL to identify qualitative studies of patients' and healthcare professionals' perspectives on the metabolic monitoring of SGAs. Initially, titles and abstracts were screened to exclude articles that were not relevant followed by full-text reading.

Maternal Serum Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron in Spontaneous Abortions.

Twenty five percent of pregnant women have some degree of vaginal bleeding during the first trimester, and about 50% of those pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion (SA) because the fetus is not developing typically. As studies have reported that inadequacies of trace metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Magnesium (Mg) can predispose to various adverse pregnancy outcomes (PO); multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementations are given without justifying their deficiency and toxicities on the fetus. Earlier studies on effects of MMN supplementations during pregnancy have not considered the need, duration, dose, and time of initiation of supplementations leading to inconclusive results.

Role and Clinical Significance of Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 (MCT8) During Pregnancy.

The review aims to summarize the available research focusing on the importance of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT8) in thyroid hormone trafficking across the placenta and fetal development. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed; studies available in English related to "monocarboxylate transporter", "adverse pregnancy", "fetal development," and "thyroid hormone" were identified and assessed. The references within the resulting articles were manually searched.

Effectiveness of self-management applications in improving clinical health outcomes and adherence among diabetic individuals in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Introduction: A variety of mobile health (mHealth) applications are available to monitor an individual's health or lifestyle to make it convenient to access healthcare facilities at home. The usability of mHealth applications in controlling HbA1c (estimated average blood glucose) levels is unclear despite their increasing use. The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the highest burden in the Indian population.

The Emptiness Within: A Case of Empty Sella Syndrome.

Empty Sella syndrome (ESS) is characterized by the sella turcica being filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to partial or total compression of the pituitary gland, often resulting in hormonal deficiencies. It can be primary or secondary. In patients presenting with complaints of generalized weakness and fatiguability, with multiple episodes of prior hospitalizations, a thorough history and evaluation can lead to a diagnosis.

Metabolic Bone Disease in Children With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia.

Objective: This study aimed to detect metabolic bone disease and endocrinopathies in a cohort of patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT).

Methods: This prospective study was conducted between March 2020 - August 2021. Children with TDT older than 5 years, receiving regular blood transfusion, underwent comprehensive endocrine and metabolic bone disease evaluation, which included screening for short stature, delayed puberty, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and hypoparathyroidism.

Sertoli-Leydig cell ovarian tumour: a rare cause of virilisation and androgenic alopecia.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs) represent a rare cause of hyperandrogenic state. SLCTs are sex cord ovarian neoplasms, accounting for <0.2% of all ovarian tumours.

A mysterious case of recurrent fracture: Tumour-induced osteomalacia.

We report a case of tumour-induced osteomalacia in a 59-year-old man who presented with a long-standing history of myalgia, bone pain and pathological fracture of the bilateral femur at different intervals in the past 4 years. A biochemical evaluation revealed hypophosphatemia secondary to phosphaturia. Localization study by Ga-68 DOTANOC PET-CT for adult-onset hypophosphatemic osteomalacia revealed a tumour in the right femoral head.

Neonatal thyrotoxicosis with maternal hypothyroidism.

Neonatal Graves' is uncommon, but a potentially fatal condition caused by transplacental transfer of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). It is seen in 1%-5% of infants born to a mother with Graves' disease. Here, we report a unique case of transient neonatal thyrotoxicosis with positive TSI in a premature neonate born to the mother with primary hypothyroidism.

Allele-specific PCR and Next-generation sequencing based genetic screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in India.

Genetic screening of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is known to be challenging due to the complexities in CYP21A2 genotyping and has not been the first-tier diagnostic tool in routine clinical practice. Also, with the advent of massive parallel sequencing technology, there is a need for investigating its utility in screening extended panel of genes implicated in CAH. In this study, we have established and utilized an Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (ASPCR) based approach for screening eight common mutations in CYP21A2 gene followed by targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP17A1, POR, and CYP19A1 genes in 72 clinically diagnosed CAH subjects from India.

Brown tumour mimicking skeletal metastasis.

Brown tumours of bone are highly vascular osteolytic lesions that depict a reparative cellular process instead of a neoplastic process in hyperparathyroidism (HPT) patients. These tumours have the potential to be aggressive and destructive. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with left thigh and lower back pain.