RAFT polymerization mediated core-shell supramolecular assembly of PEGMA--stearic acid block co-polymer for efficient anticancer drug delivery.

In this work, core-shell supramolecular assembly polymeric nano-architectures containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments were synthesized reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), and stearic acid were used to synthesize the poly(PEGMA) homopolymer and stearyl ethyl methacrylate (SEMA), respectively. Then, PEGMA and SEMA were polymerized through controlled RAFT polymerization to obtain the final diblock copolymer, poly(PEGMA--SEMA) (BCP).

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Time to Pull the Brakes.

Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HOM) is usually seen in advanced stage and carries a poor prognosis. Survival outcomes are dismal and most of the patients are unable to receive subsequent definite anti-cancer therapy. There is lack of any retrospective or prospective data regarding hypercalcemia of malignancy in Indian population.

Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis.

The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture.

Elucidating the correlation between the number of TTTTGAT heptamer repeats and cholera toxin promoter activity in Vibrio cholerae O1 pandemic strains.

A complex virulence-regulatory cascade controls expression of the cholera toxin genes (ctxAB) in Vibrio cholerae, which eventually leads to the production and secretion of choleragen (CT), responsible for rice watery diarrhoea in infected individuals. The cholera toxin promoter (PctxAB) contains a series of heptad repeats (5'-TTTTGAT-3'), which has previously been shown to play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation of ctxAB by recruiting the transcriptional activators ToxT, ToxR and the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS along the ctx promoter. The number of these repeats differs not only between the two biotypes of V.

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) variants from dengue virus clinical samples revealed mutations that influence NS1 production and secretion.

Dengue diagnosis primarily relies on NS1 ELISA and serological (IgG/IgM) tests. There are reports of low and variable sensitivity of the widely used NS1 ELISA tests. Poor sensitivity has been attributed to patient's infection status, prevalent serotypes, and the geographical origin of the samples.

DNA-Mimicking Metal-Organic Frameworks with Accessible Adenine Faces for Complementary Base Pairing.

Biologically derived metal-organic frameworks (Bio-MOFs) are significant, as they can be used in cutting-edge biomedical applications such as targeted gene delivery. Herein, adenine (Ade) and unnatural amino acids coordinate with Zn to produce biocompatible frameworks, KBM-1 and KBM-2, with extremely defined porous channels. They feature an accessible Watson-Crick Ade face that is available for further hydrogen bonding and can load single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with 13 and 41% efficiency for KBM-1 and KBM-2, respectively.

Synthetic Biology Tool Development Advances Predictable Gene Expression in the Metabolically Versatile Soil Bacterium .

Harnessing the unique biochemical capabilities of non-model microorganisms would expand the array of biomanufacturing substrates, process conditions, and products. There are non-model microorganisms that fix nitrogen and carbon dioxide, derive energy from light, catabolize methane and lignin-derived aromatics, are tolerant to physiochemical stresses and harsh environmental conditions, store lipids in large quantities, and produce hydrogen. Model microorganisms often only break down simple sugars and require low stress conditions, but they have been engineered for the sustainable manufacture of numerous products, such as fragrances, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, surfactants, and specialty chemicals, often by using tools from synthetic biology.

Biophysical, Biochemical, and Molecular Docking Investigations of Anti-Glycating, Antioxidant, and Protein Structural Stability Potential of Garlic.

Garlic has been reported to inhibit protein glycation, a process that underlies several disease processes, including chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Biophysical, biochemical, and molecular docking investigations were conducted to assess anti-glycating, antioxidant, and protein structural protection activities of garlic. Results from spectral (UV and fluorescence) and circular dichroism (CD) analysis helped ascertain protein conformation and secondary structure protection against glycation to a significant extent.

Net ecosystem CO exchange from jute crop (Corchorus olitorius L.) and its environmental drivers in tropical Indo-Gangetic plain using open-path eddy covariance technique.

Present study is a maiden attempt to assess net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO) flux from jute crop (Corchorus olitorius L.) in the Indo-Gangetic plain by using open-path eddy covariance (EC) technique. Diurnal variations of NEE were strongly influenced by growth stages of jute crop.

Successful Outcome of Uterocutaneous Fistula: A Case Report.

Uterocutaneous fistula is a rare complication that occurs after cesarean section and other pelvic operations. Here we report a case of a 27 years woman presented to our department with a mass and pus-like discharge coming from her previous Pfannenstiel incision for 1 month. The definitive treatment of such cases is hysterectomy but the case was managed by fistulectomy along with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

Knoevenagel condensation triggered synthesis of dual-channel oxene based chemosensor: Discriminative spectrophotometric recognition of F, CN and HSO with breast cancer cell imaging, real sample analysis and molecular keypad lock applications.

A novel oxene based unusual sensory receptor (HyMa) has been synthesized via.Knoevenagel condensation triggered carbon-heteroatom (oxygen) intramolecular bond formation reaction at room temperature for discriminative detection of multi-analytes like HSO, CN & F by spectro-photometric alterations with profound selectivity with the detection limit of 38 ppb, 18 ppb & 94 ppb respectively. Examination of the sensing mechanism was exhaustively investigated through several spectroscopic means like H NMR, FT-IR, absorption and fluorescence spectra etc.

Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors in Biomedical Applications.

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has seen flourishing development from theory to application in the last three decades since its discovery in 1988. Nowadays, commercial devices based on the GMR effect, such as hard-disk drives, biosensors, magnetic field sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc., are available in the market, by virtue of the advances in state-of-the-art thin-film deposition and micro- and nanofabrication techniques.

Early detection of recurrent lung cancer: Enhancing-nodule in post-radiation fibrosis.

Early detection of lung cancer recurrence on imaging is critical for better clinical prognosis. The 'enhancing nodule in post-radiation fibrosis sign' is an important sign which helps detect recurrent lung cancer early on CT chest.

Study of Cell Viability and Etiology of Contamination in Decalcified Bone Allograft: A Pilot Study.

Background: Bone allografts can elicit immune responses which is correlated with the presence of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and cellular DNA. It also has risk of causing occult infection arising out of contamination during its processing and storage. The presence of immunogenic materials like cells, cellular remnants and DNA in a decalcified bone allograft during different phases of processing has never been studied.

An image dataset of cleared, x-rayed, and fossil leaves vetted to plant family for human and machine learning.

Leaves are the most abundant and visible plant organ, both in the modern world and the fossil record. Identifying foliage to the correct plant family based on leaf architecture is a fundamental botanical skill that is also critical for isolated fossil leaves, which often, especially in the Cenozoic, represent extinct genera and species from extant families. Resources focused on leaf identification are remarkably scarce; however, the situation has improved due to the recent proliferation of digitized herbarium material, live-plant identification applications, and online collections of cleared and fossil leaf images.

Probing ultrafast hot charge carrier migration in MoS embedded CdS nanorods.

Efficient utilization of hot charge carriers is of utmost benefit for a semiconductor-based optoelectronic device. Herein, a one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D) heterojunction was fabricated in the form of CdS/MoS nanorod/nanosheet composite and migration of hot charge carriers was being investigated with the help of transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The band alignment was such that both the electrons and holes in the CdS region tend to migrate into the MoS region following photoexcitation.

Predicting optoacoustic spectral behaviour of human erythrocytes, stomatocytes and echinocytes using a modified Green's function method.

Optoacoustic (OA) spectral properties of various sources mimicking normal and pathological red blood cells (RBCs) have been studied. The shapes of normal RBC and cells suffering from stomatocytosis (denoted by ST) were generated using mathematical models. However, the shape corresponding to the cells affected by echinocytosis (referred to as ET) was constructed by uniformly distributing half prolate spheroids on a central spherical object.

Strength-frequency curve for micromagnetic neurostimulation through excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on rat hippocampal neurons and numerical modeling of magnetic microcoil (coil).

The objective of this study was to measure the effect of micromagnetic stimulation (MS) on hippocampal neurons, by using single microcoil (coil) prototype, magnetic pen (MagPen). MagPen will be used to stimulate the CA3 region magnetically and excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) response measurements will be made from the CA1 region. The threshold for micromagnetic neurostimulation as a function of stimulation frequency of the current driving thecoil will be demonstrated.

Heterologous phasin expression in CGA009 for bioplastic production from lignocellulosic biomass.

CGA009 is a metabolically robust microbe that can utilize lignin breakdown products to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biopolymers with the potential to replace conventional plastics. Our recent efforts suggest PHA granule formation is a limiting factor for maximum production of the bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by The Phap1 phasin () from the PHB-producing model bacterium H16 was expressed in with the aim of overproducing PHBV from the lignin breakdown product coumarate by fostering smaller and more abundant granules. Expression of yielded PHBV production from aerobically (0.

A review on magnetic and spintronic neurostimulation: challenges and prospects.

In the treatment of neurodegenerative, sensory and cardiovascular diseases, electrical probes and arrays have shown quite a promising success rate. However, despite the outstanding clinical outcomes, their operation is significantly hindered by non-selective control of electric fields. A promising alternative is micromagnetic stimulation (MS) due to the high permeability of magnetic field through biological tissues.

Institutional deliveries in India's nine low performing states: levels, determinants and accessibility.

Background: Despite the implementation of several national-level interventions, institutional delivery coverage remains unsatisfactory in India's low performing states (LPS), leading to a high burden of maternal mortality.

Objective: This study investigates the levels, differentials, and determinants of institutional deliveries in LPS of India. The study also delineates a holistic understanding of barriers to delivery at health facilities and the utilization of the (JSY) specifically designed to improve maternal and child health of disadvantaged communities.