Xpert-Ultra Assay in Stool and Urine Samples to Improve Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children: The Médecins Sans Frontières Experience in Guinea-Bissau and South Sudan.

Background: More than half of childhood tuberculosis cases remain undiagnosed yearly. The World Health Organization recommends the Xpert-Ultra assay as a first pediatric diagnosis test, but microbiological confirmation remains low. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of Xpert-Ultra with stool and urine samples in presumptive pediatric tuberculosis cases in 2 high-tuberculosis-burden settings.

Point-of-care ultrasound for tuberculosis diagnosis in children: a Médecins Sans Frontières cross-sectional study in Guinea-Bissau.

Objective: Description of tuberculosis (TB)-focused point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) findings for children with presumptive TB.

Design: Cross-sectional study (July 2019 to April 2020).

Setting: Simão Mendes hospital in Bissau, a setting with high TB, HIV, and malnutrition burdens.

Severity, symptomatology, and treatment duration for mental health disorders: a retrospective analysis from a conflict-affected region of northern Nigeria.

Background: Mental Health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programs are essential during humanitarian crises and in conflict settings, like Nigeria's Borno State. However, research on how types of traumatic stress and symptom severity affect clinical improvement is lacking in these contexts, as is consensus over how long these patients must engage in mental health care to see results.

Methods: Records from 11,709 patients from the MHPSS program in Pulka and Gwoza local government areas in Borno State, Nigeria from 2018 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Dietary patterns and nutritional status of HIV-infected children and adolescents in El Salvador: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the nutritional status, the dietary patterns and its associated factors in the HIV-infected population of children and adolescents on antiretroviral treatment at the El Salvador reference center for pediatric HIV care (CENID).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between December 2010 and December 2011. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from 307 children and adolescents aged 2-18 years and receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Cholera epidemic in Yemen, 2016-18: an analysis of surveillance data.

Background: In war-torn Yemen, reports of confirmed cholera started in late September, 2016. The disease continues to plague Yemen today in what has become the largest documented cholera epidemic of modern times. We aimed to describe the key epidemiological features of this epidemic, including the drivers of cholera transmission during the outbreak.

Exposure Patterns Driving Ebola Transmission in West Africa: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: The ongoing West African Ebola epidemic began in December 2013 in Guinea, probably from a single zoonotic introduction. As a result of ineffective initial control efforts, an Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scale emerged. As of 4 May 2015, it had resulted in more than 19,000 probable and confirmed Ebola cases, mainly in Guinea (3,529), Liberia (5,343), and Sierra Leone (10,746).

Dyslipidemia, Diet and Physical Exercise in Children on Treatment With Antiretroviral Medication in El Salvador: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Dyslipidemias are common in HIV-infected children, especially if treated with protease inhibitors, but there are few data on how to treat dyslipidemias in this population. We estimated the dyslipidemia prevalence and its association with treatment, diet and physical exercise in children on antiretroviral treatment at the El Salvador reference center for pediatric HIV care (CENID).

Methods: Information was gathered regarding socio-demographic characteristics, treatment, diet and physical activity of 173 children aged 5-18 years and receiving antiretroviral therapy.

The prevention and control of dengue after Typhoon Haiyan.

Objective: Many of the areas in the Philippines affected by Typhoon Haiyan are endemic for dengue; therefore, dengue prevention was a priority in the initial post-disaster risk assessment. We describe the dengue prevention and response strategies applied after Haiyan.

Methods: The dengue response was implemented by a wide range of national and international stakeholders.

Rural-Urban Differences in Household Treatment-Seeking Behaviour for Suspected Malaria in Children at Bata District, Equatorial Guinea.

Background: Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old in Equatorial Guinea. However, little is known about the community management of malaria and treatment-seeking patterns. We aimed to assess symptoms of children with reported malaria and treatment-seeking behaviour of their caretakers in rural and urban areas in the Bata District.

Relation of the rs6923761 gene variant in glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor with weight, cardiovascular risk factor, and serum adipokine levels in obese female subjects.

Background: Studies of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor have been directed at identifying polymorphisms in the GLP-1 receptor gene that may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors. Nevertheless, the role of GLP-1 variants on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and adipokines remains unclear in obese patients.

Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of rs6923761 GLP-1 receptor polymorphism on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and serum adipokine levels in nondiabetic obese females.

Evaluation of weight loss and adipocytokine levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with the rs6923761 gene variant of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.

Background: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) variants on body weight response after dietary intervention has not been evaluated so far.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate weight loss and adipocytokine levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with rs6923761.

Design: A sample of 280 obese subjects was randomized to two hypocaloric diets.

Relation of the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO with metabolic syndrome in obese female patients.

Objectives: Common polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 in some populations. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship of the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism with metabolic syndrome and its components.

Material And Methods: A population of 457 obese Caucasian females was analyzed in a cross-sectional survey.

Effect of fatty acid-binding protein 2 Ala54Thr genotype on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors after a high-polyunsaturated fat diet in obese patients.

Background: It has been found that the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 2 messenger RNA is under dietary control. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism in the FABP2 gene on weight loss and secondarily in cardiovascular risk factors and serum adipokine after an enriched polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese patients.

Design: A sample of 111 obese patients was analyzed.

Evaluation of weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with rs9939609 gene variant.

Background: Common polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity in some populations. One of these genetic variants (rs9939609) has been related to an increased risk of obesity.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate weight loss and adipocytokine levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with RS9939609 gene variant.

Insulin resistance predicts steatosis and fibrosis in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background: Influence of adipokines and insulin resistance on liver histology is an unclear area in morbidly obese patients.

Objective: The aim of our study was to study the influence of insulin resistance and adipokines in the grade of liver steatosis and fibrosis in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Setting: Tertiary hospital.

Relationship of -55C/T polymorphism of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene with metabolic syndrome by ATP III classification.

Background And Aims: The relation of -55C/T polymorphism of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) with metabolic syndrome (MS) has been evaluated only in one previous study with contradictory results. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of -55C/T polymorphism of UCP3 gene with MS.

Design: A population of 817 obese Caucasian patients was analyzed in a cross-sectional survey.

Relationship among metabolic syndrome, C358A polymorphism of the endocannabinoid degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and insulin resistance.

Background: It has been demonstrated that the polymorphism 385 C/A of FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase) was associated with obesity and metabolic disorders.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship of the polymorphism (cDNA 385 C->A) of FAAH gene and insulin resistance in obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome.

Design: A population of 799 obese patients was analyzed in cross-sectional survey.

Effects of RS9939609 gene variant in FTO gene on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors after biliopancreatic diversion surgery.

Background: The high variation in responses to bariatric surgery might be partially explained by genetic effects. Recently, common polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity in some populations. Only two studies have investigated the effect of FTO variants on weight loss of morbid obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery with contradictory results.

Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.

Background: A silent intragenic polymorphism (1359 G/A) of the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene resulting in the substitution of the G to A at nucleotide position 1359 in codon 435 (Thr) was reported as a common polymorphism in Caucasian populations. Intervention studies with this polymorphism have not been realized.

Objective: We decide to investigate the role of missense polymorphism (G1359A) of cannabinoid receptor 1 gene on adipocytokines response and weight loss secondary to a low-fat versus a low-carbohydrate diet in obese patients.

Relation of osteocalcin with insulin resistance and histopathological changes of non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Osteocalcin is a hormone with a complex cross-talk between adipose tissue and the skeleton. The aim of the present study was to explore the relation of osteocalcin with histopathological changes of NALFD patients.

Subjects: A population of 69 NAFLD patients was analyzed.

[Visfatin in obese patients, relation with cardiovascular risk factors, a cross sectional study].

Background And Objective: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the relation of visfatin with insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometry in obese patients without comorbidities.

Patients And Method: A population of 270 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way.

Resistin levels in morbid obese patients following the biliopancreatic diversion surgery.

Previous studies addressing the changes of resistin concentrations in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in serum resistin levels 1 year after biliopancreatic diversion in morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus. A cohort of 39 morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus was operated.