A STING inhibitor suppresses EBV-induced B cell transformation and lymphomagenesis.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD) is frequently fatal. Innate immunity plays a key role in protecting against pathogens and cancers. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is regarded as a key adaptor protein allowing DNA sensors recognizing exogenous cytosolic DNA to activate the type I interferon signaling cascade.

High-Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of MoC-Type Tungsten Nitride by Nitridation with Ammonium Chloride.

A novel tungsten nitride, MoC-type WN, was synthesized at 6 GPa and 1200 °C via nitridation of tungsten by ammonium chloride as a nitrogen source. This compound is isostructural with γ'-MoC, which has a hexagonal structure with a space group of 6/ (No. 194).

A Fluid Liquid-Crystal Material with Highly Polar Order.

An anomalously large dielectric permittivity of ≈10 is found in the mesophase temperature range (MP phase) wherein high fluidity is observed for a liquid-crystal compound having a 1,3-dioxane unit in the mesogenic core (DIO). In this temperature range, no sharp X-ray diffraction peak is observed at both small and wide Bragg angles, similar to that for a nematic phase; however, an inhomogeneous sandy texture or broken Schlieren one is observed via polarizing optical microscopy, unlike that for a conventional nematic phase. DIO exhibits polarization switching with a large polarization value, i.

In vitro differentiation of canine celiac adipose tissue-derived stromal cells into neuronal cells.

To investigate in vitro differentiation of canine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) into neuronal cells, ATSCs from celiac adipose tissue in clinically healthy beagle dogs were treated with 100 muM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) and 125 muM isobuthylmethylxanthine (IBMX). ATSCs were morphologically changed into differentiated ATSCs from spindle-shaped cells to neuron-like cells with numerous processes after the treatment. Expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as an early neuron specific marker protein was detected in both ATSCs and differentiated ATSCs, however diachronic increase of NSE expression was observed in differentiated ATSCs after the treatment with dbcAMP/IBMX.

[PET/CT].

Molecular imaging is the visualization of specific molecular targets or its entire metabolic pathways and cells in the clinic or in living animals, especially for cancer diagnosis. Current molecular imaging techniques allow us to detect disease much earlier, to stage cancer much more accurately and noninvasively. Molecular imaging has grown to include nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and MR imaging.

Formation processes of the integrated ordered mesostructure of silica at liquid-liquid interface using synchrotron radiation X-rays.

The formation processes of the integrated ordered mesostructure of silica at the liquid-liquid interface in laurylamine/tetraethoxysilane system were elucidated by measuring the small-angle X-ray scattering pattern every second during the formation processes using strong synchrotron radiation X-rays. Cylinders of silica were formed in random configurations in the very early stage of reactions at the liquid-liquid interface. Since these cylinders were restricted in a two-dimensional liquid-liquid interface, they aligned easily with each other and made an ordered structure composed of aligned cylinders at the interface.

Formation of GeO2 nanosheets using water thin layers in lamellar phase as a confined reaction field--in situ measurement of SAXS by synchrotron radiation.

Highly crystallized GeO2 nanosheets were synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of germanium alkoxide using a 2-dimensional flat thin lamellar phase water layer containing surfactant molecules at the liquid-liquid interface as a confined reaction field.

The integrin alphavbeta5 is expressed on avian osteoclast precursors and regulated by retinoic acid.

Osteoclasts arise by proliferation, differentiation, and subsequent fusion of marrow-derived precursors, all processes requiring attachment to matrix. Integrins are important mediators of cell-matrix recognition and bone is rich in proteins containing the Arg-Gly-Asp motif, recognized primarily by alphav integrins. Thus, we determined if avian osteoclast precursors express integrins capable of mediating initial attachment to matrix proteins.