A 7-year study of workplace drug testing in two major cities in Türkiye.

Background: Workplace Drug Testing (WDT) is a worldwide practice that is crucial in anti-drug efforts. This study aimed to provide compherensive information about the WDT applications in Türkiye with data obtained from two major cities in two different regions of Türkiye.

Methods: The retrospective assessment of forensic toxicological analysis results in urine, hair or urine&hair samples collected from 220 WDT cases in İzmir (3 largest city) and Adana (5 largest city) from 2016 to 2022 years was carried.

High Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever incidence linked to greater genetic diversity and differentiation in Hyalomma marginatum populations in Türkiye.

Background: Ticks are crucial vectors of a wide range of pathogens, posing significant threats to human and animal health globally. Understanding the genetic basis of tick biology and host-parasite interactions is essential for developing effective control programs. This study investigates the fine-scale genetic structure of Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, the primary vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Türkiye.

Phylo-comparative analyses reveal the dual role of drift and selection in reproductive character displacement.

When incipient species meet in secondary contact, natural selection can rapidly reduce costly reproductive interactions by directly targeting reproductive traits. This process, called reproductive character displacement (RCD), leaves a characteristic pattern of geographic variation where divergence of traits between species is greater in sympatry than allopatry. However, because other forces can also cause similar patterns, care must be given in separating pattern from process.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy and occurs similar to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), in the sixth/seventh decade. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic value of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and CVD in 325 patients with MM undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) at the University Hospital of Würzburg between 03/2004 and 12/2011. Mean age in the total cohort was 61 years.

Reconstruction of extensive scalp defects with anterolateral thigh flap.

Background: Extensive scalp defects caused by various etiologies often require free-tissue transfer. We aimed to review our experience in the reconstruction of extensive scalp defects with free anterolateral flaps.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with extensive scalp defects that were reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh flaps from November 2007 to April 2015.

Best available science still supports an ancient common origin of Devils Hole and Devils Hole pupfish.

The age of DHP and how pupfish colonized Devils Hole have always been a topic of interest. Recently, two different publications (Martin, Crawford, Turner, & Simons, & Sağlam et al., ) tackled this issue using genomic data sets and demographic models but came to widely different conclusions.

The evolutionary basis of premature migration in Pacific salmon highlights the utility of genomics for informing conservation.

The delineation of conservation units (CUs) is a challenging issue that has profound implications for minimizing the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. CU delineation typically seeks to prioritize evolutionary significance, and genetic methods play a pivotal role in the delineation process by quantifying overall differentiation between populations. Although CUs that primarily reflect overall genetic differentiation do protect adaptive differences between distant populations, they do not necessarily protect adaptive variation within highly connected populations.

Phylogenetics support an ancient common origin of two scientific icons: Devils Hole and Devils Hole pupfish.

The Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis; DHP) is an icon of conservation biology. Isolated in a 50 m(2) pool (Devils Hole), DHP is one of the rarest vertebrate species known and an evolutionary anomaly, having survived in complete isolation for thousands of years. However, recent findings suggest DHP might be younger than commonly thought, potentially introduced to Devils Hole by humans in the past thousand years.

The effect of desflurane on postoperative olfactory memory.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of desflurane 6%, on olfactory memory.

Patients And Methods: This is a prospective clinical study performed with 40 patients aged 18-60 who had elective surgery and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III. The Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) was used for evaluating patients' olfactory memories before and after the surgery.

New molecular data shed light on the global phylogeny and species limits of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex.

The Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex is a group of closely related tick species distributed all around the world. In this study, using mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA, new specimens of R sanguineus sensu lato from Turkey and Rhipicephalus camicasi from Kenya, were evaluated together with available sequences of this complex in GenBank. Our objectives were to delimit the complex, re-evaluate its global phylogeny and develop a reconstruction of its biogeographic history.

Humidity and seasonality drives body size patterns in males of the bush cricket Isophya rizeensis Sevgili, 2003 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae).

Two primary patterns of body size variation have been recorded in ectotherms in relation to latitudinal/altitudinal shifts. In some, body size increases with increasing latitude/altitude whereas, in others, body size decreases with increasing latitude/altitude. This clinal variation is generally assumed to be caused by local adaptation to environmental conditions however the selective variable(s) (temperature, humidity, diet quality, etc.

Does reduction mammaplasty revert skeletal disturbances in the vertebral column of patients with macromastia? A preliminary study.

Background: Enlarged breasts are associated with many physical and psychological symptoms. It is important to use objective criteria in documenting physical changes of a patient's body due to enlarged breasts and the benefits of surgery. This preliminary study aimed to determine whether the reduction mammaplasty procedure changes the angles of cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis.

The effect of captopril on brain apoptosis after burn injury in rats.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective effects of captopril treatment against apoptosis in the brain induced by burn injury.

Material And Methods: Under ether anaesthesia, Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were exposed to a 900C (burn) or 250C (sham) water bath for 10 s. The ACE group was treated with i.

Acute abdomen and hemorrhagic shock caused by spontaneous rupture of renal cyst in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is an important cause of end stage renal failure. Rarely, these patients may present with hemorrhagic shock caused by rupture of the renal cyst. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of a patient who arrived at the emergency department with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease presenting with acute abdominal pain and hemorrhagic shock.

nNOS expression in the brain of rats after burn and the effect of the ACE inhibitor captopril.

Objective: To investigate the role of endogenous neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on brain injury after burn and the effects of the captopril.

Methods: Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were exposed on the dorsal surface to 90°C (burn) or 25°C (sham) water for 10 s. The ACE group was treated with intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg captopril immediately after burn and this treatment was repeated twice daily.

An economic analysis of tobacco elimination policies in Turkey.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the costs and benefits of various tobacco elimination policies, specifically, an immediate taxation option and eight tax-combined long-term cessation programs.

Methods: We combine demographic projections for the period 2012-2050 with incidence and mortality rates of four major cigarette related diseases, price elasticity of cigarette demand and unit costs of nonprice measures to reduce demand in order to estimate the net present discounted values of policy alternatives.

Results: The tax-combined cessation programs yield lower net costs to households and the society when they phase out smoking earlier.

Montelukast protects axial pattern rat skin flaps against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background: Recent studies have shown that neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. Using an inferior epigastric artery skin flap as a flap ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model, we investigated whether the administration of montelukast sodium, a selective reversible cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, decreases neutrophil infiltration and promotes flap survival.

Methods: Eighteen rats were used and randomly divided into three groups (n=6 for each group).

Male sand crickets trade-off flight capability for reproductive potential.

In this paper, we test the hypothesis that male sand crickets, Gryllus firmus, experience a trade-off between flight capability and reproductive potential expressed as reduced testis weight in flight-capable morphs. We used a half-sib design with 130 sires, three dams per sire and an average of 5.66 males per dam family, for a total of 2206 F1 offspring.

Anophthalmia, cleft lip/palate, absent vomer bone, nystagmus, and mental-motor retardation: a new syndrome or Fryns "anophthalmia-plus" syndrome?

Objective: We report that a 4-year-old boy presented with right unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, right anophthalmos, left congenital nystagmus, absence of the vomer bone, mental-motor retardation, and normal lymphocyte karyotype (46, XY).

Methods: For reconstruction of the deformities, we performed cleft lip repair by Millard's rotation-advancement technique and planned cleft palate repair.

Conclusions: This combination of cleft lip and palate, anophthalmos, congenital nystagmus, absent vomer bone, and mental-motor retardation has not, to our knowledge, previously been described.

Reconstruction of the urethral defects with autologous fascial tube graft in a rabbit model.

Aim: To investigate the feasibility of the autologous fascia graft in urethra defect reconstruction.

Methods: In 24 adult male rabbits, a standardized defect (17 mm) was created within the midportion of each urethra. Two-cm long fascial tube grafts were interposed between the cut ends of the urethra.