The Metabolic Syndrome is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetic subjects. Prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study.

Aims: To evaluate the cardiovascular risk associated with the presence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 diabetic subjects.

Methods: Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome, defined by WHO criteria, were identified in a large sample of non-insulin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients examined within the Verona Diabetes Complications Study (n = 946). At baseline and after a mean of 4.

Predictors of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To identify the independent predictors of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes, and to establish whether isolated Type 2 diabetes (i.e. diabetes without overweight, dyslipidaemia and hypertension) is a condition of insulin resistance.

Intracellular partition of plasma glucose disposal in hypertensive and normotensive subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the presence of hypertension conveys a more severe degree of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus and, if so, which biochemical pathways are involved. We quantitated the rates of total glucose disposal, glycogen synthesis (GS), glycolysis, glucose oxidation, endogenous glucose production, and LOX in the basal state and during a 4-h euglycemic ( approximately 5 mM) hyperinsulinemic ( approximately 300 pM) clamp carried out in combination with a dual-tracer infusion ([(3)H]-3- and [(14)C]-U-D-glucose) and indirect calorimetry in 42 nonobese noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetic subjects (22 hypertensive and 20 normotensive) and 23 nonobese nondiabetic subjects (9 without and 14 with essential hypertension). Compared with normotensive controls, both groups of diabetic subjects were markedly insulin resistant.

Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

Objective: To evaluate whether the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) is a reliable surrogate measure of in vivo insulin sensitivity in humans.

Research Design And Methods: In the present study, we compared insulin sensitivity as assessed by a 4-h euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinemic (approximately 300 pmol/l) clamp with HOMA in 115 subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

Results: We found a strong correlation between clamp-measured total glucose disposal and HOMA-estimated insulin sensitivity (r = -0.

ACE inhibitors improve endothelial function in type 1 diabetic patients with normal arterial pressure and microalbuminuria.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test whether a short-course treatment with ACE inhibitors may restore endothelium-dependent and/or -independent vasodilation in the femoral artery of microalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes and normal arterial pressure.

Research Design And Methods: We studied nine normotensive microalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients and two groups of control subjects matched for femoral artery diameter to type 1 diabetic patients after placebo (control group A, n = 17) and ACE inhibitor (control group B, n = 18) treatment, respectively. The patients were enrolled in a double-blind cross-over study with a 1-week trial of either placebo, captopril (25 mg t.

Effect of chronic treatment with lacidipine or lisinopril on intracellular partitioning of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Antihypertensive treatment is frequently needed in type 2 diabetes. In this study we measured the rates of total, oxidative, and nonoxidative glucose disposal, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, endogenous glucose production, and lipid oxidation using a 4-h euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/L) hyperinsulinemic (approximately 300 pmol/L) clamp in combination with a dual glucose tracer infusion ([3-(3)H]- and [U-14C] D-glucose) and indirect calorimetry in 40 nonobese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects were studied twice: after a 4-week run-in period and after a 16-week period of double blind, randomized treatment with 4-6 mg/day lacidipine, a calcium channel blocker (n = 19), or 10-20 mg/day lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n = 21).

Obesity worsens cardiovascular risk profiles independently of hyperinsulinaemia.

Objective: To investigate whether human obesity is characterized by a worse cardiovascular risk profile (than no obesity) even in the absence of hyperinsulinaemia.

Subjects And Design: A total of 367 healthy subjects (247 nonobese and 120 obese) with normal glucose tolerance and without family history of diabetes mellitus.

Interventions: A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all participants.

Relationship between fasting insulin and cardiovascular risk factors is already present in young men: the Verona Young Men Atherosclerosis Risk Factors Study.

The associations between fasting plasma insulin concentration and risk factors for cardiovascular disease were examined in 979 18-year-old men participating in the Verona Young Men Atherosclerosis Risk Factors Study, a cross-sectional population-based study. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), plasma triglycerides and uric acid concentrations, and blood pressure values significantly increased, and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-total cholesterol ratio decreased, across quartiles of fasting insulin. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, concentrations did not change significantly with the increase in fasting insulin levels.

Serum uric acid and related factors in 500 hospitalized subjects.

The study purpose was to determine the following in a large sample of hospitalized patients: (1) the prevalence of hyperuricemia, (2) the association of hyperuricemia with other metabolic disorders, and (3) the factors independently predicting hyperuricemia. Five hundred adult patients (250 men and 250 women) were randomly selected from those admitted as inpatients over a period of 5 months. In all patients, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and serum glucose, lipid, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urate concentrations were measured.

Relationship of uric acid concentration to cardiovascular risk factors in young men. Role of obesity and central fat distribution. The Verona Young Men Atherosclerosis Risk Factors Study.

Objective: To examine the relationships of serum uric acid concentration with several risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Subjects: 957 men 18 y old participating in the Verona Young Men Atherosclerosis Risk Factors Study, a cross-sectional population-based study.

Measurements: Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), serum uric acid, serum lipids, blood pressure, fasting insulin and behavioural variables.

Cardiovascular risk profile in 38-year and 18-year-old men. Contribution of body fat content and regional fat distribution.

Objective: To evaluate whether young and middle-age men differ in blood pressure and serum lipid profiles and, if so, to what extent these differences are dependent on total body fat, regional fat distribution, plasma insulin and behavioural variables.

Subjects: Random samples of 94 young (18 year-old) and 94 middle-age (38 year-old) healthy men matched for body mass index (BMI).

Measurements: BMI, total body fat (by bioelectrical impedance), regional fat distribution (by anthropometry), serum lipids, blood pressure, fasting insulin and some behavioural variables.

Noninvasive detection of functional alterations of the arterial wall in IDDM patients with and without microalbuminuria.

Objective: To test endothelial function in a group of 10 normoalbuminuric and eight microalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (ages 28 +/- 3 [mean +/- SE] and 28 +/- 1 years, respectively), in comparison with 16 control subjects (age 35 +/- 2 years, normal subjects vs. diabetic subjects P = NS), to identify prestructural abnormalities of the arterial wall. An early stage of vascular involvement seems in fact to be characterized by functional alterations of endothelial control on vascular tone and wall interaction with circulating cells.