Correction: Sage et al. Hybridization of Acoustic and Visual Features of Polish Sibilants Produced by Children for Computer Speech Diagnosis. 2024, , 5360.

In the original publication [...

Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in healthy dogs during isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre 2) in healthy dogs during isoflurane general anesthesia.

Methods: 6 purpose-bred Beagle dogs underwent 3 anesthetic events, 1 week apart, in a randomized crossover study. 1 of 3 mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) states were induced under isoflurane anesthesia (hypotension [MAP, ≤ 60 mm Hg], normotension [MAP, 80 to 120 mm Hg], and hypertension [MAP, ≥ 120 mm Hg]) for 40 minutes.

Improving prognostic accuracy in lung transplantation using unique features of isolated human lung radiographs.

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) enables advanced assessment of human lungs for transplant suitability. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach to analyze the largest cohort of isolated lung radiographs to date. CNNs were trained to process 1300 longitudinal radiographs from n = 650 clinical EVLP cases.

Performance Comparison of Ambient Ionization Techniques Using a Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer for the Analysis of Amino Acids, Drugs, and Explosives.

The utilization of ambient ionization (AI) techniques for mass spectrometry (MS) has significantly grown due to their ability to facilitate rapid and direct sample analysis with minimal sample preparation. This study investigates the performance of various AI techniques, including atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP), thermal desorption corona discharge (TDCD), direct analysis in real time (DART), and paper spray coupled to a Waters QDa mass spectrometer. The focus is on evaluating the linearity, repeatability, and limit of detection (LOD) of these techniques across a range of analytes, including amino acids, drugs, and explosives.

Hybridization of Acoustic and Visual Features of Polish Sibilants Produced by Children for Computer Speech Diagnosis.

Speech disorders are significant barriers to the balanced development of a child. Many children in Poland are affected by lisps (sigmatism)-the incorrect articulation of sibilants. Since speech therapy diagnostics is complex and multifaceted, developing computer-assisted methods is crucial.

Coronavirus disease 2019-related myocardial injury is associated with immune dysregulation in symptomatic patients with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities.

Aims: While acute cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well described, less is known about longer-term cardiac sequelae. For many individuals with cardiac signs or symptoms arising after COVID-19 infection, the aetiology remains unclear. We examined immune profiles associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in patients with unexplained cardiac injury after COVID-19.

Novel therapies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarises the major novel treatment options for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) since the pandemic, reflecting not only on advancements in therapeutics but also approach to management and research.

Recent Findings: Several recent international paediatric trials have been important in advancing understanding of JIA and furthering available treatment options. Biologic and small molecule agents were demonstrated to be effective and safe in recalcitrant or severe JIA (including extra-articular complications), mirroring the adult equivalent diseases.

PECARN prediction rules for CT imaging of children presenting to the emergency department with blunt abdominal or minor head trauma: a multicentre prospective validation study.

Background: The intra-abdominal injury and traumatic brain injury prediction rules derived by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) were designed to reduce inappropriate use of CT in children with abdominal and head trauma, respectively. We aimed to validate these prediction rules for children presenting to emergency departments with blunt abdominal or minor head trauma.

Methods: For this prospective validation study, we enrolled children and adolescents younger than 18 years presenting to six emergency departments in Sacramento (CA), Dallas (TX), Houston (TX), San Diego (CA), Los Angeles (CA), and Oakland (CA), USA between Dec 27, 2016, and Sept 1, 2021.

Marginal zone B cells produce 'natural' atheroprotective IgM antibodies in a T cell-dependent manner.

Aims: The adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In response to a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF/HC) diet, marginal zone B (MZB) cells activate an atheroprotective programme by regulating the differentiation and accumulation of 'poorly differentiated' T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. On the other hand, Tfh cells activate the germinal centre response, which promotes atherosclerosis through the production of class-switched high-affinity antibodies.

A radiographic score for human donor lungs on ex vivo lung perfusion predicts transplant outcomes.

Background: Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is an advanced platform for isolated lung assessment and treatment. Radiographs acquired during EVLP provide a unique opportunity to assess lung injury. The purpose of our study was to define and evaluate EVLP radiographic findings and their association with lung transplant outcomes.

Airway pepsinogen A4 identifies lung transplant recipients with microaspiration and predicts chronic lung allograft dysfunction.

Background: Aspiration is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes post-lung transplantation. Airway bile acids are the gold-standard biomarker of aspiration; however, they are released into the duodenum and likely reflect concurrent gastrointestinal dysmotility. Previous studies investigating total airway pepsin have found conflicting results on its relationship with adverse outcomes post-lung transplantation.

Selectivity of Explosives Analysis with Ambient Ionization Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Trace Detection.

Ambient ionization (AI) is a rapidly growing field in mass spectrometry (MS). It allows for the direct analysis of samples without any sample preparation, making it a promising technique for the detection of explosives. Previous studies have shown that AI can be used to detect a variety of explosives, but the exact gas-phase reactions that occur during ionization are not fully understood.

Investigation of a maxillary nerve block technique in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): A cadaveric study comparing two injectate volumes.

Objective: To investigate and describe an extraoral approach to perform a maxillary nerve block in guinea pigs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, descriptive, cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 14 adult guinea pig cadavers.

Enhancing Wearable Gait Monitoring Systems: Identifying Optimal Kinematic Inputs in Typical Adolescents.

Machine learning-based gait systems facilitate the real-time control of gait assistive technologies in neurological conditions. Improving such systems needs the identification of kinematic signals from inertial measurement unit wearables (IMUs) that are robust across different walking conditions without extensive data processing. We quantify changes in two kinematic signals, acceleration and angular velocity, from IMUs worn on the frontal plane of bilateral shanks and thighs in 30 adolescents (8-18 years) on a treadmills and outdoor overground walking at three different speeds (self-selected, slow, and fast).

Assessment of atmospheric solids analysis probe as a tool for the rapid determination of drug purity.

The ability to determine the purity (% controlled compound) of drug-of-abuse samples is necessary for public health and law enforcement. Here, we describe the assessment of atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) for the rapid determination of drug purity for a set of formulated pharmaceuticals, chosen due to their availability, uncontrolled status and consistency. Paracetamol and loratadine were used as models of high and low purity compounds being ~90% and ~10% active ingredient, respectively.

A machine-learning approach to human ex vivo lung perfusion predicts transplantation outcomes and promotes organ utilization.

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a data-intensive platform used for the assessment of isolated lungs outside the body for transplantation; however, the integration of artificial intelligence to rapidly interpret the large constellation of clinical data generated during ex vivo assessment remains an unmet need. We developed a machine-learning model, termed InsighTx, to predict post-transplant outcomes using n = 725 EVLP cases. InsighTx model AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) was 79 ± 3%, 75 ± 4%, and 85 ± 3% in training and independent test datasets, respectively.

Identification of regional variation in gene expression and inflammatory proteins in donor lung tissue and ex vivo lung perfusate.

Objective: Diagnosing lung injury is a challenge in lung transplantation. It has been unclear if a single biopsy specimen is truly representative of the entire organ. Our objective was to investigate lung inflammatory biomarkers using human lung tissue biopsies and ex vivo lung perfusion perfusate.

Time to extubation for lung transplant recipients represents a pragmatic end-point to guide the development of prognostic tests.

The field of transplantation would benefit from the integration of advanced precision medicine techniques. Although predictive tests for lung transplantation require a well-defined clinical end-point, there exists no consensus regarding which outcomes are optimal end-points for these purposes. While many possible candidate end-points exist, we propose that time-to-extubation is an optimal end-point for prognostic tests because of its: clinical relevance; objectiveness; stability over time; and association with healthcare expenditure.

Immunobiology of a rationally-designed AAV2 capsid following intravitreal delivery in mice.

Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) is a viral vector that can be used to deliver therapeutic genes to diseased cells in the retina. One strategy for altering AAV2 vectors involves the mutation of phosphodegron residues, which are thought to be phosphorylated/ubiquitinated in the cytosol, facilitating degradation of the vector and the inhibition of transduction. As such, mutation of phosphodegron residues have been correlated with increased transduction of target cells, however, an assessment of the immunobiology of wild-type and phosphodegron mutant AAV2 vectors following intravitreal (IVT) delivery to immunocompetent animals is lacking in the current literature.

Assessment of multiple-opinion referrals and consults at the BC Children's Hospital Allergy Clinic.

Background: Allergic disease is on the rise. Waitlists for specialists are long, and many referred patients have already received prior allergic assessment, either by a certified Allergist, Primary Care Provider, or other Specialist. It is important to understand the prevalence and motivating factors for multiple-opinion referrals, to deliver timely assessment for patients with allergic disease.

Generation of tandem alternative splice acceptor sites and CLTC haploinsufficiency: A cause of CLTC-related disorder.

Tandem splice acceptors (NAGN AG) are a common mechanism of alternative splicing, but variants that are likely to generate or to disrupt tandem splice sites have rarely been reported as disease causing. We identify a pathogenic intron 23 CLTC variant (NM_004859.4:c.

Triaging donor lungs based on a microaspiration signature that predicts adverse recipient outcome.

Background: Aspiration is a relative contraindication to accepting donor lungs for transplant and is currently assessed by visual inspection of the airways via bronchoscopy. However, this method is limited as it does not assess for microaspiration. Bile acids measured in large airway bronchial wash (LABW) samples have been shown to be a marker of aspiration in lung transplant recipients.

Retrospective investigation of decreasing body temperature trends during anaesthesia in dogs.

Background: Hypothermia during the perianaesthetic period may lead to an increased risk of morbidity in veterinary patients. However, the timeline of the decrease in body temperature during general anaesthesia has been minimally investigated.

Methods: Anaesthetic records of 1097 client-owned dogs were examined.