Combination of gray level features with deep transfer learning for copra classification using machine learning and neural networks.

Copra (dried coconut) is used for oil production and raw materials for its by-products. Traditionally, Coconuts are halved and sun-dried in the field. Fumigation using sulphur is employed in the industry to maintain its colour and prevent microbial growth from inhibiting it.

Outcomes of Total Thyroidectomy in Large Goiters With Retrosternal Extension and Tracheal Compression: A Multivariate Analysis.

Introduction: Large retrosternal goiters often cause tracheal compression and deviation, leading to respiratory symptoms and complicating surgical treatment. Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice though it carries a risk of complications due to the altered anatomy and its proximity to vital structures. This study examines the outcomes of total thyroidectomy in patients with retrosternal goiters and assesses the impact of tracheal compression on clinical results.

Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Oral Cancers: A Retrospective Analytical Study.

Introduction Head and neck cancers account for 30% of malignancies in India and oral squamous cell carcinoma is most common. 80% of the patients present with locally advanced disease and many of them are inoperable. In this study we documented the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced oral cancer staged T4 with regards to downstaging the disease and to make the tumor more amenable for surgery with better access.

The Outcome of Treatment in Second Branchial Cleft Anomalies: A Case Series.

Background Branchial-cleft anomalies are second only to thyroglossal duct anomalies among congenital malformations of the neck, and second branchial-cleft anomalies are the most common. These include branchial cysts, branchial sinuses, and branchial fistulas. Clinical symptoms include neck swelling and a discharging sinus or fistula opening.

Comparison Between Clinical Outcome of Intralesional Human Placental Extract Alone and Topical Application of Placental Extract Gel After Fibrotomy in Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition prevalent in our country. Juxtaepithelial inflammation with progressive hyalinization of the lamina propria results in stiffness and fibrosis of the oral mucosa, characterised by trismus, ankyloglossia, and a burning sensation. Various methods of treatment have been tried in these cases, which include placental extract injections and the cutting of fibrous bands.

The Outcome of Treatment for Thyroglossal Tract Anomalies.

Background Thyroglossal tract anomalies are the most common cause of midline neck swelling. Thyroglossal cysts present between the base of the tongue and cricoid cartilage as painless, midline swelling that moves on deglutition and protrusion of the tongue. If the thyroglossal cyst gets infected or is violated surgically, it can result in a thyroglossal sinus or fistula.

Postoperative Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels as a Predictor of Hypocalcemia in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy.

Postoperative hypocalcemia is a common complication of total thyroidectomy; the onset and severity of post-operative hypocalcemia is unpredictable. Various attempts have been made to identify predictors of hypocalcemia. There has been an increasing interest in serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) as an early predictor of the development of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

Assessment of Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Oral Cancer Among the Outpatient Population in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital.

Introduction Lack of knowledge and awareness about oral cancer and its risk factors and negligence of the early warning signs play a crucial role in raising the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to assess the awareness of oral cancer among the local population regarding the prevalence, etiology, early signs of oral cancer, and treatment options available for the same. Materials and methods  The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee.

Tracheo-esophageal Puncture Revisited.

This study aims to propose a novel surgical technique to rehabilitate patients with long term complication of trachea-esophageal puncture and stomal stenosis. Ours is retrospective study. Ten patients with tracheo-esophageal puncture who developed long term complications and who failed conservative management were included in our study.

Outcome of Treatment in Verrucous Carcinoma of Oral Cavity: A Tertiary Rural Hospital Experience.

Verrucous carcinoma of oral cavity is a highly well differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma with a low potential for invasion and metastasis. It is prevalent in the tobacco quid chewing population in our region. In this observational study, we reviewed the medical case records of 58 patients treated for oral verrucous carcinoma staged T2 to T4a.

Outcome of Treatment in Locally Advanced Upper Alveolar Carcinoma Extending to Infra-temporal Fossa.

Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity has a high prevalence in our region. Upper alveolar cancers are uncommon but present with locally advanced disease extending to infra temporal fossa. The outcome of treatment in these tumors is poor.

Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Findings from a Tertiary Rural Centre.

Olfactory and/or taste dysfunction are potential neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19). The aim of the study was to document the prevalence of anosmia in COVID-19 positive patients and analyze the effect of various factors on the occurrence of these chemosensory dysfunction in the local population. Tertiary referral center.

Role of turmeric extract in minimising mucositis in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the role of turmeric extract in reducing mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Methods: Sixty-one patients who underwent radiotherapy were included in the study and randomised into groups A and B. Patients in group A received 500 mg of turmeric extract (BCM-95) thrice daily, while patients in group B received placebo until radiotherapy completion.

Outcome of compartment resection of locally advanced oral cancers extending to infratemporal fossa: a tertiary rural hospital experience.

Locally advanced oral cancers extending to infratemporal fossa (ITF) are a challenge to head and neck surgeons. These tumors are classified as T whenever the masticator space (MS), pterygoid muscles (PM), and pterygoid plates (PP) are involved according to AJCC classification. Until recently, these tumors were considered inoperable and treated only with palliative intent.

Usefulness of supraclavicular flap in reconstruction following resection of oral cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of supraclavicular artery flap in reconstruction of defects following resection of buccal mucosa cancer.

Methods: Twenty-five patients who presented to R.L Jalappa Hospital and Research centre and diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa staged T and above were included in our study.

Cytological Evaluation of Thyroid Lesions by Nuclear Morphology and Nuclear Morphometry.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid gland is an effective diagnostic method. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology classifies them into six categories and gives implied risk for malignancy and management protocol in each category. Though the system gives specific criteria, diagnostic dilemma still exists.

Role of Buccal Pad of Fat in Reconstruction of the Buccal Mucosa Defects.

Carcinoma buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in India. Following excision of these lesions the defects can be reconstructed using various reconstructive techniques. Buccal pad of fat has been successfully used in the reconstruction of small palatal defects and in the closure of the oro antral fistula.

Clinicopathological study of surgical margins in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.

Objective: To evaluate the margins of resected specimen of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to document the surgical margin (measured at the time of resection) and margins at the time of pathological examination (after immersion of the specimen in formalin).

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed and confirmed with squamous carcinoma of buccal mucosa were included in the study. Patients underwent resection of the tumor with a margin of 1 cm.

Hepatic differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells and in vivo therapeutic effect on animal model of cirrhosis.

Background And Aim: Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have been touted as an ideal stem cell candidate, being ethically neutral, immunologically naïve, plentiful in origin, and retaining plasticity in its fetal stage. We hypothesized that by applying natural physiological signals of the developing liver, hAECs can be coaxed into becoming functional immunopermissive hepatocyte-like cells. These cells would have tremendous potential for allogenic cellular transplantation in the treatment of chronic liver insufficiency.

Cervical chondrosarcoma- rare malignancy: a case report.

To highlight an uncommon bone malignancy, which presented to our institute, as a neck swelling in the supraclavicular region. A 30 year old man presented with history of swelling on the left side of neck since 1 year and numbness of left upper limb since 6 months. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical spine & MR Angiography showed a 7.

Medially placed vagus nerve in relation to common carotid artery: a pointer to a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve.

The aim of this study was to highlight a medialized vagus in relation to common carotid artery as an operative marker to a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries. Three patients who underwent thyroidectomy, in who per operative diagnosis of right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve was made and the findings were confirmed radiologically by demonstration of aberrant subclavian artery were included in the study. A medially placed vagus nerve in relation to common carotid artery was the common observation in all the 3 patients.

Island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap: an Indian perspective.

The aim of this study is to conceive a method of raising an island PMMC flap, so as to circumvent its drawbacks of bulk, flap length and the difficulty of developing this flap in female patients. And to consider island PMMC flap as a viable reconstructive option in head and neck surgeries, especially in peripheral centres. Ours is an experimental case series.

Penetrating neck injuries.

The incidence of penetrating and lacerated neck injuries has been rising in recent decades largely because of urban violence. Injury to the neck frequently results in multiple regional injuries and in addition poses serious threat to vital structures in the neck.From 1999 to 2005, forty-two cases of penetrating neck injuries which were treated in our hospital were included in this study.