[Surgical treatment of Meniere's disease and its pathophysiological validation].

The authors analyse their own and literature data on surgical treatment of Meniere's disease (MD) as intervention on the endolymphatic sac with assessment of various modifications by long-term results, on sympathetic intraaural and extraaural lesions. Surgical interventions on the endolymphatic sac are pathophysiologically validated. Insufficient knowledge on hydrodynamics in the internal ear labyrinth and the role of endolymphatic hydrops in MD pathogenesis hampers assessment and further development of surgical treatment of the disease.

[Topic problems of gerontology in otorhinolaryngology].

The paper characterizes age-specific involution of the ENT tissues, acoustic and vestibular analyzers, hearing and equilibrium defects. Original investigations of the authors give wider possibilities of early detection of age-related failure of the internal ear functions. Relevant tests are proposed.

[Acute and sudden sensorineural hearing loss].

Current views on neurosensory hypoacusis necessitate clear definitions and distinctions between acute and sudden hypoacusis as independent nosological entities of hearing defects. Sufficient data available make it possible to characterize the above forms clinically, etiologically and pathogenetically. Common views of many Russian ENT specialists on sudden and acute hypoacusis as the same entity complicate solving the problem of neurosensory hearing disorders.

[Significance of dynamic measurements of acoustic impedance for early detection of hypoesthesia in otosclerosis].

To clarify the role of dynamic registration of acoustic impedance in early detection of hypoacusis in otosclerosis, the authors analyzed impedometry readings in subjects with unilateral otosclerosis. Special emphasis is laid on cases with minor audiogram bone-air intervals. Based on comparison of contra- and ipsilateral reflexes, registration of the acoustic reflex may provide early signs of otosclerosis.

[Age-related characteristics of dynamic indicators of acoustic impedance of the middle ear in children].

Comparative characteristics of acoustic impedance measured in 130 healthy children aged from 1 month to 16 years suggested possibility of the method usage as a screening test for latent disorders of the middle ear. The combination of the dynamic impedance metry with a functional test (mucosal anemization and inflation of the acoustic tube) significantly contributed to the diagnostic accuracy of the method.

[Oscillations of the internal ear basilar membrane in the sonic and ultrasonic range from the data of mathematical analysis of the hydrodynamic model of the cochlea].

Results are presented of plotting a dimeric mathematical model of human internal ear cochlea with allowance for the dependence of the basilar membrane mass on the length of its region between the registered point and the labyrinth wall of the threshold window region. Investigations carried out on such a model by means of a computer permitted calculation of the location of the rounding curve maximum point of the displacement waves of the basilar membrane for the frequencies of 0.05-95 kHz included.

[Hearing function in patients with disseminated sclerosis].

The hearing function in 32 patients with various forms of disseminated sclerosis was measured. Their hearing sensitivity, loudness and discrimination as well as spatial hearing and ability to localize sound sources were determined. In the absence of changes in hearing sensitivity, loudness and discrimination all the patients displayed marked disorders or complete loss of their capability to localize sound sources in the vertical plane but retained their capability to localize sound sources in the horizontal plane.

[Value of dynamic recording of short-latency auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis and pathogenetic characteristics of hearing loss in acoustic neuroma].

Short-latency acoustic evoked potentials (SAEP) were recorded in 40 patients with vestibulocochlear neurinoma and 15 patients with unilateral cochlear hypoacusis. The results were compared with their psychophysical audiometric parameters. In the case of neurinoma, electric responses typically showed elongation of single waves and intervals between two peaks.

[Effect of changes in electrolyte composition of the perilymph on endocochlear potentials].

Perfusion of the cochlear perilymphatic space was performed in guinea pigs with complete or partial removal of K+, Na+ or Ca++ from the solution. The most obvious changes of the endocochlear potential occurred in the deficiency of Na+ in the perilymph: i. e.

[Bone conduction receiver for the measurement of the auditory thresholds over a broad frequency range].

A piesoelectric bony telephone for determining audible thresholds while sound is conducted through the bone over expanded frequency range of 0.25 kHz up to 20.0 kHz is described.

[Study of the mechanism of auditory adaptation by simultaneous recording of cortical auditory evoked potentials and cochlear microphonic potentials].

Auditory adaptation, apart from the effect of the neurotropic drugs, galanthamine, GABA and nanophyn on this adaptation, was examined in 35 rabbits exposed to white noise (90 dB, re 2.10(-5) Pa, 10 min) by concurrent recording of evoked potentials of the brain and microphonic potentials of the cochlea. The results suggest that the mechanism of auditory adaptation is determined by the processes that occur in the synapses of the auditory system central parts and is monitored by the sympathetic nervous system.