How Are Alternative Clinical Placements Performed Compared to Traditional Clinical Placements During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Sought Through a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical placement is the essential method of learning in health professions education, but it has been the most disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Institutions of higher education resorted to alternative learning such as telehealth, simulations, and blended-learning for clinical placement to ensure that educational activities continue without delay. However, this raises questions about student competency and necessitates making up for missed in-person hours.

The Evolving Role of Nucleotide-binding Oligomerisation Domain-like Receptor Pyrin Domain 3 Inflammasome Activation in Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Review.

In the vascular wall, defence against pathogenic damage requires a group of monocytes, the endothelium, dendritic cells, macrophages and a subsequent involvement of pattern recognition receptors anticipating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate an innate immune response. The endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating the duration, location and extent of the inflammatory cascade to ensure a definitive immune defence. Molecular changes in the expression of chemokines and cell adhesion molecules ensure protective responses against infection and injury.