Dose-dependent naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent males-a double-blinded, randomized study.

Aims: Oral opioid preparations combined with naloxone are intended to induce a transient acute withdrawal syndrome to avoid intravenous misuse. This trial aimed to establish an appropriate morphine-naloxone dose ratio for an abuse-deterrent oral opioid formulation.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, 2 × 2 cross-over trial, 43 patients with opioid use disorder were challenged with intravenous morphine HCl Ph.