Primary alcohol-induced coacervation in alkyl polyglucoside micellar solution for supramolecular solvent-based microextraction and chromatographic determination of phthalates in baby food.

This study reports for the first time the phenomenon of supramolecular solvent formation based on alkyl polyglucoside as an amphiphile and primary alcohol as a coacervation agent. The physical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, phase diagram for ternary system) of the supramolecular solvent were investigated, and a mechanism for its formation was proposed. A green and simple microextraction procedure for preconcentration and determination of phthalates in baby foods packaged in plastic packaging was developed as proof-of-concept example.

Supramolecular solvents based on hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents and primary amines for preconcentration and determination of enrofloxacin in milk.

In this work, coacervation in primary amines solutions with hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents based on terpenoids and carboxylic acids was demonstrated for the first time. A liquid-phase microextraction approach was developed based on supramolecular solvent formation with primary amine acting as amphiphile and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent making up mixed vesicles and serving as coacervation agent. Such supramolecular solvents could be used to separate wide range of substances from different aqueous media, such as food products, biological liquids and wastewaters.

Primary amine citrate-based supramolecular designer solvent: Preconcentration of ochratoxin A for determination in foods by liquid chromatography.

Background: Supramolecular solvents are nanostructured liquids that are separated from colloidal solutions of amphiphilic compounds as a result of self-assembly of amphiphiles and coacervation under changing conditions. They are considered to be designer solvents as their properties can be tailored to a specific analytical task by controlling the conditions of their formation (amphiphile, coacervation inducer, medium, concentration of components). The discovery of new extraction systems based on supramolecular solvents and their application to relevant analytical tasks are of great importance for the advancement of environmentally-friendly sample preparation.

Intensity statistics inside an open wave-chaotic cavity with broken time-reversal invariance.

Using the supersymmetric method of random matrix theory within the Heidelberg approach framework we provide statistical description of stationary intensity sampled in locations inside an open wave-chaotic cavity, assuming that the time-reversal invariance inside the cavity is fully broken. In particular, we show that when incoming waves are fed via a finite number M of open channels the probability density P(I) for the single-point intensity I decays as a power law for large intensities: P(I)∼I^{-(M+2)}, provided there is no internal losses. This behavior is in marked difference with the Rayleigh law P(I)∼exp(-I/I[over ¯]), which turns out to be valid only in the limit M→∞.

[Clinical and Laboratory Parameters and Complication Rates In Patients With Myocardial Infarction Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease].

Aim: To evaluate clinical, anamnestic and laboratory data and the incidence rate of complications in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) without obstructive coronary artery (CA) disease.

Material And Methods: This study included 158 patients with MI without obstructive CA disease (main group), 150 patients with MI and obstructive CA disease (comparison group), and 55 patients without documented ischemic heart disease (IHD) (control group). Clinical and anamnestic data, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated, and electrocardiography, Holter electrocardiogram monitoring, echocardiography, and coronary angiography were performed for all patients.

Tuning Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of P(V) Phthalocyanines.

The ability of P(V) phthalocyanines (Pcs) for efficient singlet oxygen (SO) generation was demonstrated for the first time by the example of unsubstituted and α- and β-octabutoxy-substituted P(V)Pcs with hydroxy, methoxy and phenoxy ligands in the apical positions of the octahedral P centre. Variation of substituents in Pc ring and P(V) axial ligands allows careful tuning of photophysical and photochemical properties. Indeed, a combination of BuO groups in the β-positions of the Pc ring and PhO groups as axial ligands provides significant SO generation quantum yields up to 90%; meanwhile, the values of SO generation quantum yields for others investigated compounds vary from 27 to 55%.

Risk factors for herpes zoster: should people with asthma or COPD be vaccinated?

Without vaccination, an estimated 1 in 3 individuals will develop herpes zoster (HZ) in their lifetime. Increased risk of HZ is attributed to impaired cell-mediated immunity, as observed in age-related immunosenescence or in individuals immunocompromised due to disease or immunosuppressive treatments. Most vaccination guidelines recommend HZ vaccination in all adults ≥ 50 years of age, although Shingrix was recently approved by the U.

Predictive modeling of antibacterial activity of ionic liquids by machine learning methods.

Structural variation and different bioactivity of ionic liquids (ILs) make them highly promising for the development of novel biocides. Application of computational methods to the evaluation of potential antibacterial activity of chemical compounds is a useful, time- and cost-saving tool replacing numerous experimental syntheses. In the present study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is applied to develop models (based on more than 800 data points) aiming to predict the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ILs against three types of human pathogens - Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Alkyl polyglucoside-based supramolecular solvent formation in liquid-phase microextraction.

The phenomenon of alkyl polyglucoside-based supramolecular solvent formation in the presence of alkyl carboxylic acid acted as coacervation agent was described for the first time. Various alkyl polyglucosides and carboxylic acids were studied as the amphiphiles and coacervation agents, respectively. A possible mechanism of the new supramolecular solvent formation was presented.

Modeling Micellar Growth and Branching in Mixtures of Zwitterionic with Ionic Surfactants.

Zwitterionic surfactants are widely applied as drag-reducing or thickening agents because their aggregation patterns may drastically change in response to variations of the system composition or external stimuli, which provides controllable viscoelasticity. For predicting aggregation behavior of surfactant mixtures, classical molecular thermodynamic models have been widely used. Particularly, the results of modeling have been reported for zwitterionic/ionic surfactant mixtures.

Cost effectiveness and budget impact of universal varicella vaccination in Russia.

This economic evaluation assesses the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of introducing a two-dose varicella vaccine in the Russian national immunization program. A static Markov model followed a simulated 2019 Russian cohort over its lifetime and compared outcomes and costs of three varicella vaccination strategies: strategy I (doses given at 12 and 15 months of age), strategy II (doses given at 1 year and 6 years of age), and a no vaccination scenario. Inputs on age-dependent clinical pathways, associated costs, and related health outcomes were collected from national sources and published literature.

Switchable Aromaticity of Phthalocyanine via Reversible Nucleophilic Aromatic Addition to an Electron-Deficient Phosphorus(V) Complex.

Reversible nucleophilic addition to a phthalocyanine core was observed for the first time for the electron-deficient cationic phosphorus(V) complex [PcP(OMe)], whose reaction with KOH afforded a highly distorted nonaromatic adduct bearing an OH group at one of the α-pyrrolic carbon atoms. This adduct was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI HRMS, and NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, together with quantum-chemical modeling. The acidic treatment of this adduct restored aromaticity and recovered the starting cationic complex.

Some Aspects of Investigation of the Central Mechanism of Antinociceptive Effect of a New Analgetic from the Hexaazaisowurtzitane Group.

Possible involvement of μ- and κ-opioid receptors and cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) into the mechanism of analgesic activity of the experimental drug product "Thiowurtzine, (capsule 120 mg)" synthesized on the basis of active pharmaceutical substance 4-(3,4-dibromthiophencarbonyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacethyl-2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazatetracyclo [5,5,0,0,0]dodecane was studied in vivo using the hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test. The involvement of κ-opioid receptors and noninvolvement of μ-receptors and CB1 receptors in the mechanism of thiowurtzine analgesia were demonstrated. The mechanism of interaction of the test analgesic with opioid receptors differs from that of the reference drug tramadol.

Effect of Tussilago farfara L. Polysaccharides on the Content of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (CD11734) in the Bone Marrow of Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide.

Myelotoxicity is a serious side effect of anticancer drugs. The search for drugs that can reduce the hematological complications of chemotherapy through modulation of hematopoietic stem cells is an urgent task of oncopharmacology. In the present study we showed that administration of Tussilago farfara L.

Primary Immunodeficiencies in Russia: Data From the National Registry.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are a group of rare genetic disorders with a multitude of clinical symptoms. Characterization of epidemiological and clinical data via national registries has proven to be a valuable tool of studying these diseases. The Russian PID registry was set up in 2017, by the National Association of Experts in PID (NAEPID).

Effects of Tussilago farfara L. Polysaccharides on the Expression of PD-1 (CD279) and PD-L1 (CD274) in Peripheral Blood and Tumor Tissue Lymphocytes in Mice with Lewis Lung Carcinoma.

One of prospective methods for immunotherapy of tumors is modulation via immunological checkpoints, specifically, via the PD-1(CD279)/PD-L1(CD274) system. Interactions between tumor cell receptor (CD279) and the ligand on lymphocytes (CD274) leads to lymphocyte inactivation, which allows tumor escape from the immune control. Experiments on C57BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma demonstrate the possibility of reducing the expression of CD279 and CD274 on the peripheral blood and tumor tissue lymphocytes under the effects of Tussilago farfara L.

The alternative complement pathway in ANCA-associated vasculitis: further evidence and a meta-analysis.

We compared the common pathway components C3a, C5a and membrane attack complex (MAC), also known as C5b-9, and the alternative pathway components factor B and properdin in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and healthy controls, and conducted a meta-analysis of the available clinical evidence for the role of complement activation in the pathogenesis of AAV. Complement components were evaluated in 59 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis and 36 healthy volunteers. In 28 patients, testing was repeated in remission.

Correction of Damaging Effects of Cisplatin-Containing Polychemotherapy on the Intestinal Epithelium with Tussilago farfara L. Polysaccharides.

A possibility for correction of damaging effects of polychemotherapy on the intestinal epithelium with Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides was studied on C57Bl/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. The polysaccharides had protective and/or stimulating effects on the intestinal epithelium during polychemotherapy and promoted reparative regeneration in the intestine.

Modification of the Myelotoxic and Antitumor Effects of Polychemotherapy by Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L.

The experiments on C57Bl/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma showed that addition of Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides to conventional cisplatin/paclitaxel polychemotherapy moderated neutropenia caused by antitumor therapy and increased its efficiency. The stimulating effect of polysaccharides on the granulopoietic lineage cells is comparable with that of recombinant CSF Neupogen.

Protective Effect of Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L. on Bone Marrow Cells and Small Intestinal Epithelium Under Conditions of Polychemotherapy Evaluated by DNA Comet Assay.

Using DNA comet assay we found that polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L. reduced the intensity of polychemotherapy-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in bone marrow cells and small intestinal epithelium of C57Bl/6 mice, which attested to genoprotective properties of these polysaccharides.

Crown-substituted naphthalocyanines: synthesis and supramolecular control over aggregation and photophysical properties.

Tetra-15-crown-5-naphthalocyanines as first representatives of crown-substituted π-extended phthalocyanines were synthesized and characterized. The possibility to control their aggregation and photophysical properties by reversible formation of supramolecular assemblies in the presence of KOAc was demonstrated.

Effect of Acorus calamus L. Polysaccharide on CD274 and CD326 Expression by Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells in Mice.

Tumor cells can maintain their growth via immunosuppression and escape from host antitumor immunity by controlling the PD-1/PD-L1 system. Expression of PD-L1 (CD274) is an inhibitory signal for T cells, while the increase in CD326 expression in the tumor tissue correlates with metastasis development. The experimental preparation on the basis of α(1,2)-L-rhamno-α(1,4)-D-galactopyranosyluronan from Acorus calamus L.

Plant Polysaccharides Attenuate Fluorouracil Toxicity for the Small Intestinal Epithelium.

Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L., Acorus calamus L., and Echinacea purpurea (L.

Experimental evidence for thermal generation of interstitials in a metallic crystal near the melting temperature.

The only intrinsic point defects of simple crystalline metals known from solid state physics are vacancies and interstitials. It is widely believed that while vacancies play a major role in crystal properties and their concentration reaches relatively big values near the melting temperature T m, interstitials essentially do not occur in thermodynamic equilibrium and their influence on properties is minor. Here, taking aluminum single crystals as an example, we present compelling experimental evidence for rapid thermoactivated growth of interstitial concentration upon approaching T m.