Diversity and plant growth promotion potential of endophytic fungi isolated from hairy vetch in Japan.

Hairy vetch ( Roth), a leguminous plant with nitrogen-fixing ability, is used as a cover crop and has the potential to suppress weeds and plant diseases. The microbial composition, particularly fungal endophytes, which may be related to the beneficial functions of this crop, has not been previously studied. In this study, we analyzed the diversity and function of culturable fungal endophytes associated with hairy vetch from eight locations across Japan.

Widespread Bradyrhizobium distribution of diverse Type III effectors that trigger legume nodulation in the absence of Nod factor.

The establishment of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis is generally based on plant perception of Nod factors (NFs) synthesized by the bacteria. However, some Bradyrhizobium strains can nodulate certain legume species, such as Aeschynomene spp. or Glycine max, independently of NFs, and via two different processes that are distinguished by the necessity or not of a type III secretion system (T3SS).

Diversity and function of soybean rhizosphere microbiome under nature farming.

Nature farming is a farming system that entails cultivating crops without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The present study investigated the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of soybean grown in conventional and nature farming soils using wild-type and non-nodulating mutant soybean. The effect of soil fumigant was also analyzed to reveal its perturbation of microbial communities and subsequent effects on the growth of soybean.

Type III effector provides a novel symbiotic pathway in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.

Rhizobia form nodules on the roots of legumes and fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, thus supplying it to host legumes. In return, plants supply photosynthetic products to maintain rhizobial activities. In most cases, rhizobial Nod factors (NFs) and their leguminous receptors (NFRs) are essential for the establishment of symbiosis.

Multiple Domains in the Rhizobial Type III Effector Bel2-5 Determine Symbiotic Efficiency With Soybean.

utilizes the type III effector Bel2-5 for nodulation in host plants in the absence of Nod factors (NFs). In soybean plants carrying the allele, however, Bel2-5 causes restriction of nodulation by triggering immune responses. Bel2-5 shows similarity with XopD of the phytopathogen pv.

Rhizobia use a pathogenic-like effector to hijack leguminous nodulation signalling.

Legume plants form a root-nodule symbiosis with rhizobia. This symbiosis establishment generally relies on rhizobium-produced Nod factors (NFs) and their perception by leguminous receptors (NFRs) that trigger nodulation. However, certain rhizobia hijack leguminous nodulation signalling via their type III secretion system, which functions in pathogenic bacteria to deliver effector proteins into host cells.

Identification of USDA61 Type III Effectors Determining Symbiosis with .

USDA61 possesses a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) that controls host-specific symbioses with legumes. Here, we demonstrated that T3SS is essential for the nodulation of several southern Asiatic cultivars. Strikingly, inactivation of either Nod factor synthesis or T3SS in abolished nodulation of the plants.

InnB, a Novel Type III Effector of USDA61, Controls Symbiosis With Species.

USDA61 is incompatible with mung bean ( cv. KPS1) and soybean ( cv. BARC2) and unable to nodulate either plant.