[Metformin and malignant neoplasms: a possible mechanism of antitumor action and prospects for use in practice].

Metformin is a first-line antidiabetic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2); its molecular target is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is involved in many metabolic processes. Metformin not only reduces blood glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity, but also inhibits lipolysis and reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with DM2. In recent years, it has been proven that metformin slows down the aging process, stimulates hair growth, eliminates cognitive impairment, and also has an antitumor effect.

The first study on the occurrence of bovine herpesviruses in the wild fauna of the Moscow region, Russia.

Background And Aim: Some pathogens that cause infections in cattle are found in wild artiodactyls. Their prevalence, possible impact on the population of free-living animals, and the spread of infectious pathology in livestock have yet to be studied. We investigated the occurrence of bovine herpesviruses (BoHV-1, BoHV-4, and BoHV-6) among wild moose and roe deer in 8 areas of the Moscow region in the Russian Federation.

[Severe right ventricular heart failure].

The article presents a clinical case of isolated, severe right ventricular heart failure in the absence of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmation of myocardial injury.

[Value of complex ultrasonography in children with concomitant strabismus].

28 children with concomitant strabismus were examined using complex ultrasonography. Thickness of horizontal recti muscles was estimated in convergent and divergent strabismus. The blood flow in central retinal artery was estimated in patients with concomitant strabismus.

Characterisation of indeterminate focal breast lesions on grey-scale ultrasound: role of ultrasound elastography.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) elastography in characterising focal breast lesions classified as indeterminate on B-mode US.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-four focal breast lesions, 64 benign and 20 malignant (mean diameter, 15.1 mm), detected but not characterised on B-mode US in 72 women, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) US category 3 (n=56) or category 4 (n=28), were studied with US elastography and classified in consensus by two radiologists according to a five-point colour scale.

[Effectiveness of infrared exposure to periorbital areas in partial optic nerve atrophy of varying degrees].

The paper gives the comparative results of infrared exposure, drug and multimodality treatment in partial optic nerve atrophy of varying degrees, as evidenced by Doppler, electrophysiological, and morphometric studies.