Publications by authors named "Safi A"

Background: In this review, the complicated landscape of breast cancer management is explored with a focus on the promising synergies between ribociclib and endocrine therapy. Ribociclib mainly acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, which disrupts cell cycle progression necessary for tumor growth. This, in combination with endocrine therapy, aims to produce hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, which is a very relevant subtype with challenging therapeutics.

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Background: Facial implants have emerged as pivotal tools for both reconstructive and aesthetic skull bone augmentation. Contemporary manufacturing techniques, such as computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems, have revolutionized facial implants production, providing the advantages of high-level individualization. However, the absence of standardized facial measurements complicates the ability to accurately compare outcomes across various techniques.

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  • Cancer is predicted to rise significantly, with 35 million new cases expected by 2050, mainly impacting low- and middle-income countries, particularly in the SAARC region.
  • There is a research investment and output gap in SAARC countries compared to high-income nations, leaving a lack of local studies and clinical trials in crucial areas like targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
  • Addressing the challenges of healthcare access, cultural and economic barriers, and limited funding in SAARC countries requires collaboration, improved research infrastructure, and local studies to develop practical and affordable cancer treatments.
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  • - The South Asian region faces a critical shortage of oncology professionals due to inadequate education and training programs, impacting the quality of cancer care.
  • - Challenges for oncology workers include lack of trained personnel, poor healthcare infrastructure, and limited educational resources.
  • - The paper suggests both short-term strategies to enhance training and long-term goals to create self-sufficient cancer care systems through regional collaboration and innovative education.
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  • Cancer care in SAARC countries faces major challenges like poor infrastructure, lack of skilled professionals, and economic issues, leading to delayed diagnoses and worse health outcomes.
  • There are significant disparities in healthcare systems across the region, with some countries providing free public services while others rely heavily on out-of-pocket payments, creating financial inequities for cancer patients.
  • To improve cancer care, coordinated efforts are needed, including better infrastructure, expanded health insurance, and national cancer control programs, along with regional collaboration to ensure equitable access and advance health goals.
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  • * In 2022, cancer accounted for about 9.3% of global cases and 12% of deaths in this region, with major cancers including lung, head and neck, gastrointestinal, cervical, and breast cancers.
  • * The text emphasizes the need for regional collaboration to create an effective cancer control plan, stressing the importance of strong political commitment to tackle the growing cancer crisis and align with Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.
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Our study describes the reported rate of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, declaration of Helsinki (DoH), and informed consent in the case reports and case series and investigates factors associated with the ethical approval report. We searched PubMed for case reports and case series from 2006 to 2017. Annually, we obtained the first 20 articles of a case report cluster from 20 distinct publications.

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Background: Malignant neoplasms of the parotid gland (MPG) are clinically challenging due to aggressive growth and metastasis. Despite tumor resection being the primary treatment, there is a paucity of studies on postsurgical outcomes and preoperative risk factors for MPG.

Materials And Methods: We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify patients who underwent MPG surgery between 2008 and 2021.

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  • Autologous fat grafting for temporal augmentation is gaining popularity in aesthetic surgery but faces challenges such as high absorption rates, unpredictable volume retention, and safety concerns.
  • A systematic review of existing literature revealed that average fat volumes injected were around 10.69 ml per side, and various subjective and some objective assessment methods were used to evaluate outcomes.
  • Despite showing effectiveness and patient satisfaction, the inconsistency in fat retention rates underscores the necessity for more controlled studies to validate these findings.
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Background: Despite the success of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines targeting the spike (S) protein, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have led to immune escape, reducing the efficacy of these vaccines. Additionally, some individuals are unable to mount an effective immune response to S protein-based vaccines. This has created a need for alternative vaccine strategies that are less susceptible to mutations and capable of providing broad and durable protection.

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  • COVID-19 poses a higher mortality risk for individuals with diabetes, severe obesity, and cardiovascular disease, potentially due to chronic inflammation linked to type 2 diabetes.
  • This study involved 350 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for moderate-severe COVID-19, comparing the effects of pioglitazone against a placebo over 28 days, focusing on severe clinical outcomes and inflammation levels.
  • Although pioglitazone reduced certain inflammatory markers, it did not significantly improve outcomes, as more patients treated with it required ICU care and showed no notable difference in CRP reduction compared to those on placebo.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid disorders during pregnancy pose significant health concerns, impacting a substantial number of mothers globally. Globally, about 14% of pregnant women develop GDM, while thyroid disorders impact approximately 2%-3%. Both conditions contribute to adverse outcomes, including gestational hypertension, excessive fetal growth, and heightened perinatal morbidity.

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Mutations in glucokinase (GCK) can either enhance or inhibit insulin secretion, leading to different forms of diabetes, including gestational diabetes. While many glucokinase activators (GKAs) have been explored as treatments, their long-term effectiveness has often been unsatisfactory. However, recent interest has surged with the introduction of dorzagliatin and TTP399.

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  • - Cancer involves the uncontrolled growth of cells, influenced by various molecular factors, particularly abnormalities in the death-associated kinase (DAPK) protein family, including DAPK2.
  • - DAPK2 functions as a tumor suppressor, promoting cell death through apoptosis and autophagy by interacting with proteins like TNF and IFN and signaling pathways such as AMPK, mTORC1, and p73.
  • - Due to its significant role in cell regulation and the promotion of cancer cell death, DAPK2 is a promising target for cancer treatments, particularly for types like gastric, ovarian, and breast cancer.
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Background: The search for an ideal bone substitute in reconstructive surgery has led to the exploration of various materials, with hydroxyapatite (HaP) emerging as a promising candidate due to its biocompatibility, osteoconductive properties, and structural similarity to human bone. Despite its potential, there is a paucity of data on the long-term safety and efficacy of HaP in facial skeletal reconstruction and augmentation.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for studies on hydroxyapatite facial implants in reconstruction and augmentation.

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Background: Childhood obesity is a growing global concern with far-reaching health implications. This study focuses on evaluating the knowledge and practices of physicians in Morocco regarding the link between maternal obesity and childhood obesity. Despite the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide, this issue remains inadequately addressed in the Moroccan context.

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  • The review analyzes the effectiveness of zinc oxide-based materials versus glass-ionomer cement as temporary fillings during endodontic treatment, focusing on their sealing properties in extracted teeth.
  • Seven clinical trials were examined, revealing variability in sealing ability, with glass-ionomer cement performing better for single-rooted teeth, while zinc oxide materials also showed good results.
  • Although zinc oxide materials have advantages such as consistent application, concerns about dye penetration tests not fully capturing bacterial leakage risk highlight the need for more clinical research.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death worldwide in 2021, with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, encompassing hypercholesterolemia, being a major contributing factor. A range of lipid-lowering medications is used for the management of hyperlipidemia, but the use of statins is considered as standard therapy. Unfortunately, some patients do not respond to this therapy, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.

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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of women's cancer deaths after lung cancer. Risk factors such as environment, lifestyle, and genetics contribute to its development, including mutation in the breast cancer (BRCA) gene. Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) target these mutations, benefiting patients with advanced cancers.

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Introduction: A neighbourhood's environmental characteristics can positively or negatively influence health and well-being. To date, no studies have examined this concept in the context of Saudi Arabian youth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between a neighbourhood's environmental characteristics and health risk factors among Saudi Arabian youth.

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Background: Aesthetic facial bone surgery and facial implantology expand the boundaries of conventional facial surgery that focus on facial soft tissue. This study aimed to reveal novel aesthetic facial measurements to provide tailored treatment concepts and advance patient care.

Methods: A total of n=101 study participants (46 females and 55 males) were presented with 120 patient portraits (frontal images in natural head posture; 60 females and 60 males) and asked to assess the facial attractiveness (scale 0-10; "How attractive do you find the person in the image?") and the model capability score (MCS; scale 0-10; "How likely do you think the person in the image could pursue a modelling career?").

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Purpose: To report a previously undescribed finding of peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) in Stickler syndrome.

Design: Noncomparative case series.

Subjects: Twenty-two eyes with anomalous optic disc from 11 Stickler syndrome patients were identified and imaged.

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