Organic aerosol compositions and source estimation by molecular tracers in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.

To elucidate the molecular composition and sources of organic aerosols in Central Asia, carbonaceous compounds, major ions, and 15 organic molecular tracers of total suspended particulates (TSP) were analyzed from September 2018 to August 2019 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Extremely high TSP concentrations (annual mean ± std: 211 ± 131 μg m) were observed, particularly during summer (seasonal mean ± std: 333 ± 183 μg m). Organic carbon (OC: 11.

Significant Influence of Carbonates on Determining Organic Carbon and Black Carbon: A Case Study in Tajikistan, Central Asia.

Carbonates cause large uncertainties in determining the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), as well as EC's light absorption characteristics, in arid locations, such as Central Asia. To investigate this influence, a comparison between acid (HCl)-treated and original total suspended particle (TSP) samples was conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. According to the results, the OC and EC concentrations were overestimated by approximately 22.

[A rare observation of the giant urinary bladder stone].

A rare observation of iatrogenic damage of the urinary bladder by the needles used for osteosynthesis, which were encrusted with salts and lead to the formation of a giant bladder stone weighing 720 g, is given. The curiosity of the situation was associated with the long-term observation and the surgical removal of the stone and foreign bodies 19 years after initial detection due to the development of upper urinary tract complications.

[DYNAMICS OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN RAT BRAIN IN PRENATAL HYPOXIA MODEL].

Prenatal ontogenesis is a period of high sensitivity to stressful impact, so any stressor can lead to changes of physiological, biochemical indicators, behavioral and cognitive functions. The most common and clinically significant stress factor, which the embryo may be exposed during embryonic development, is hypoxia. In this case pathological changes in the central nervous system depend on the duration and severity of hypoxic exposure, individual tolerance and the stage of prenatal development, at each of which in the brain take place the basic histogenetic processes.

[Glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-aminotransferase activity in brain mitochondria under conditions of ethanol exposure in postnatal ontogenesis].

The activity of the enzymes of GABA- GDK and GABA-T metabolism in the brain mitochondria in 6 periods of postnatal development under the conditions of high dose of ethanol was studied. It has been revealed that after the impact of high dose of ethanol (3.5 g/kg of 25% solution, intraperitoneally) the enzymes' activities in initial mitochondrial fractions of cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus and brain stem increases.

[Effect of low concentration benzene vapor on metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid in brain mitochondrial fractions].

The impact of benzene vapor (0.35 mg/l) of low concentration on the contents of free GABA, Glu and Asp, as well as on the enzyme activities of GDC and GABA-T in mitochondrial fractions of different brain regions of adult male rats was investigated. The conclusion was put forward that GABA increase by means of "keeping" inhibition provided for nerve cells defense from extremal excitation, taking place under the chronic exposure to the benzene low concentration.

[Effect of vibration on gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism in the brain in various functional conditions of the adrenal cortex].

The low-frequency vibration during 30 min (20 Hz, A = 0.4 mm) has been studied for its influence on the level of components of the GABA system and dicarbonic ++amino acids in male rats at hypo- and hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. It is shown that under these conditions of the experiment the GABA level and glutamate-decarboxylase activity increase.

[The effect of vibration on brain GABA metabolism in rats with hypo- and hypercalcemia].

The horizontal vibration (30 min, 20 Hz, A = 0.4 mm) has been studied for its influence on the level of GABA components and dicarbonic acids in brain tissues of adult male rats with hypo- and hypercalcemia. It is assumed, that hypercalcemia vibration situation prevents excessive stress agent, thus leading to a decrease in the level of GABA and activity of glutamate decarboxylase in various structures of the brain.

[The effect of low-frequency vibration on GABA metabolism in brain structures].

Low-frequency vibration, irrespective of its duration (20 Hz, A = 0.4 mm), is shown to increase GABA level, glutamatedecarboxylase enzyme activity (EC 4.1.

[Postnatal changes of gamma-aminobutryric acid in rat brain with acute benzene poisoning].

Benzole vapours cause a decrease in the content of glutamic acid in the motor cortex, cerebellum, pons varolii and spinal cord of the rat brain at different stages of ontogeny. The content of GABA increases in all the areas during ontogeny with benzole intoxication. The glutamate decarboxylase activity increasing in all brain areas in different periods of postnatal development rises after the benzole action.