Incidence of glomerulonephritis and non-diabetic end-stage renal disease in a developing middle-east region near armed conflict.

Background: Estimates of the incidence of glomerulonephritis (GN) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in an Iraqi population are compared with the United States (US) and Jordan.

Methods: The study set consist of renal biopsies performed in 2012 and 2013 in the Kurdish provinces of Northern Iraq. The age specific and age standardized incidence of GN was calculated from the 2011 population.

Acute kidney injury associated with androgenic steroids and nutritional supplements in bodybuilders(†).

Four bodybuilders who injected anabolic steroids and ingested commercial protein (78-104 g/day) and creatine (15 g/day) products presented with serum creatinine levels between 229.84 and 335.92 µmol/L (2.