Effect of thermal treatments on phytochemicals in conventionally and organically grown berries.

Background: Consumer demand for organic foods is increasing despite a lack of conclusive evidence of nutritional superiority of organically grown produce. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of thermal treatments on phytochemicals in conventionally and organically grown berries. Two cultivars of conventionally and organically grown red raspberries and blueberries were analysed for total anthocyanins, total and specific phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity.

Interleukin-1beta increases spinal cord wind-up activity in normal but not in monoarthritic rats.

Cytokines produced by spinal cord glia after peripheral inflammation, infection or trauma have a relevant role in the maintenance of pain states. The effect of intrathecally administered interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on spinal cord nociceptive transmission was studied in normal and monoarthritic rats by assessing wind-up activity in a C-fiber-mediated reflex paradigm evoked by repetitive (1 Hz) electric stimulation. Low i.

Safer sex strategies for women: the hierarchical model in methadone treatment clinics.

Women clients of a methadone maintenance treatment clinic were targeted for an intervention aimed to reduce unsafe sex. The hierarchical model was the basis of the single intervention session, tested among 63 volunteers. This model requires the educator to discuss and demonstrate a full range of barriers that women might use for protection, ranking these in the order of their known efficacy.

[Morphogenesis of Candida albicans in human serum. Mycelial and pseudomycelial tubes observed in 250 strains].

The morphogenesis of Candida albicans, more peculiarly the mycelial and pseudomycelial tubes production, was investigated during 24 hours in human serum: on 250 strains at 37 degrees C, and on 24 strains at 25 degrees C. The characteristic of the tubes, their first apparition and maximum production time are reported. The yeast influence (origin, saprophytic or parasitic state, serotype, maximum temperature for growth of the strain) on the tubes production is discussed.

The yeast Candida sequanensis sp. nov.

A strain of an undescribed Candida species was isolated from animal fodder. A description of the new species is given and its distinction from the most closely resembling species of the genus is discussed.

The application of laser microscopy to the spectrochemical analysis of fungal tissues.

Spectroscopic analysis by means of a laser microscope was employed to detect, in fungal tissue, some elements of Mendeleev's classification. Such a method allows all the necessary information to be obtained from the same sample, and permits the detection of 74 elements in the periodic system.

[Morpho-biochemical differences observed on two wild strains groups of Cryptococcus albidus: V. albidus and V. diffluens (author's transl)].

The morpho-biochemical characteristics were studied on 115 wild strains of Cryptococcus albidus: 61 isolates of the variety albidus and 54 of the variety diffluens. The mucous aspect of the colony, the pigmentation, the development on liquid medium, the cells' form and the filamentation were the morphological characters observed. As for the physiology, were reported the results concerning: the fermentation, the assimilation of 24 carbohydrates and the potassium nitrate, the development according: the temperature, two rates of actidione (cycloheximide) and four rates of tetrazolium.

[The thermotolerance of the Cryptococcus. Investigation on 208 wild and type cultures strains (author's transl)].

The maximal temperature for growth was investigated on 208 Cryptococcus, 2 type cultures and 206 wild strains, belonging to 11 species or varieties. According to the results, which spread from 25 degrees to 42 degrees, the Cryptococcus were separated in three groups. The differentiation of C.

[Daily and weekly variations in the yeast-digestive flora of a female of giant panda (author's transl)].

Since its arrival at the Paris's zoological Park, the yeasts of the flora digestive tract of a young female of Giant Panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, was daily, then weekly studied. Were noted: the diet in captivity, the number of isolates in primary-cultures, the morpho-physiological differences between strains of a same species and the maximal temperature for growth of all the fungi. Were also approached, for the analysis, some data on the yeast-flora of other captive mammals and on the yeast species of the habitat.

[Mycological comparative study of Candida stellatoidea and C. albicans (author's transl)].

The taxonomical value of the specific distinction of C. albicans and C. stellatoidea was in mind, in the mycological study of: one homogenous group of 292 isolates of C.

[Candidiasis and obstructive intestinal tumor in a captive baboon 'Papio papio' (Desm.)].

Report of a case of candidiasis of the digestive tract associated to an obstructive epithelial tumor, with great invasive ability, in a captive Baboon, Papio papio (Desm.). Included is a discussion of the incidence of some intestinal disturbances involving candidiasis of subhuman Primates.

[Dermatophytosis, pseudo-dermatophytosis and healthy cutaneous portage observed in Platyrhini and Cynomorpha monkeys (author's transl)].

The most frequent tinea of the subhuman Primates are microsporosis due to Microsporum canis or trichophytosis at Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. simii. The T.

[Cutaneous candidiosis in an European beaver, Castor fiber. Epidimiological aspect and parasitic form of Candida albicans].

On the thigh of an Europa Beaver, Castor fiber L., dead after 8 years of captivity, a candidiasis has been found due to Candida albicans. Were reported successively: the frequence of C.

[Thermotolerance of the Candida. Relationships with ecology, pathology and taxonomy (author's transl)].

An investigation on the maximum temperature of growth is reported on 477 strains of Candida, 23 species and 1 variety, including species actually not identied as Candida, but well known under that generic name in medical and veterinary mycology. C. pseudotropicalis is the most thermotolerante species (49 degrees), C.