Hyperacute silicosis after bronchoscopy-induced melanoptysis in a lung transplant patient. A first report in literature.

Silicosis, a fibrotic lung disease caused by crystalline silica inhalation, presents unique challenges in lung transplantation. This case reports an unprecedented complication in a lung transplant recipient with chronic silicosis. A man in his 60 s, post left single-lung transplantation for silica-induced pneumoconiosis, developed acute respiratory deterioration following routine bronchoscopy.

ReXamine-Global: A Framework for Uncovering Inconsistencies in Radiology Report Generation Metrics.

Given the rapidly expanding capabilities of generative AI models for radiology, there is a need for robust metrics that can accurately measure the quality of AI-generated radiology reports across diverse hospitals. We develop ReXamine-Global, a LLM-powered, multi-site framework that tests metrics across different writing styles and patient populations, exposing gaps in their generalization. First, our method tests whether a metric is undesirably sensitive to reporting style, providing different scores depending on whether AI-generated reports are stylistically similar to ground-truth reports or not.

Acute Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis in a Patient With Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (LGI1) Limbic Encephalitis.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a disorder characterized by an autoantibody-mediated process that leads to brain inflammation. It is associated with neurological symptoms including cognitive issues, psychiatric problems, seizures, and autonomic dysfunctions. Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis (anti-LGI1 LE) is a rare type of autoimmune LE with a unique presentation, comprising neuropsychiatric disturbances, sleep disorders, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS).

Rewriting History in Integrable Stochastic Particle Systems.

Many integrable stochastic particle systems in one space dimension (such as TASEP-Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process-and its -deformation, the -TASEP) remain integrable if we equip each particle with its own speed parameter. In this work, we present intertwining relations between Markov transition operators of particle systems which differ by a permutation of the speed parameters. These relations generalize our previous works (Petrov and Saenz in Probab Theory Relat Fields 182:481-530, 2022), (Petrov in SIGMA 17(021):34, 2021), but here we employ a novel approach based on the Yang-Baxter equation for the higher spin stochastic six vertex model.

Establishing responsible use of AI guidelines: a comprehensive case study for healthcare institutions.

This report presents a comprehensive case study for the responsible integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare settings. Recognizing the rapid advancement of AI technologies and their potential to transform healthcare delivery, we propose a set of guidelines emphasizing fairness, robustness, privacy, safety, transparency, explainability, accountability, and benefit. Through a multidisciplinary collaboration, we developed and operationalized these guidelines within a healthcare system, highlighting a case study on ambient documentation to demonstrate the practical application and challenges of implementing generative AI in clinical environments.

The role of objectification in young men's perpetration of intimate partner violence.

Theorists have argued that objectification is implicated in men's violence against women. Growing correlational and experimental evidence supports this claim. However, little research has studied the link between objectification and violence perpetrated by intimate partners.

Undifferentiated sarcoma arising from fibrous dysplasia in a young adult.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a skeletal disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue. Malignant transformation of FD is extremely rare and has been reported in both monostotic and polyostotic forms of FD. The most frequently reported malignant transformation is osteosarcoma.

A Case of Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated Protein 1 (Anti-LGI1) Limbic Encephalitis With Normal Imaging.

Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis (anti-LGI1 LE) is a rare autoimmune limbic encephalitis with a potentially misleading presentation that can delay diagnosis and treatment. The incremental progression of widely variable symptoms with a prominent behavioral disturbance can conceal the disease and prompt an initial psychiatric diagnosis. Although specific MRI findings ought to be evident by the time the disease progresses to frank limbic encephalitis, it appears inconsistent and ill-defined and is thus unreliable.

Implementation of 3D modelling to improve understanding and conceptualisation of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) morphology for the execution of safe microsurgical excision of complex paediatric AVMs.

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) present complex challenges in neurosurgery, requiring precise pre-surgical planning. In this context, 3D printing technology has emerged as a promising tool to aid in understanding bAVM morphology and enhance surgical outcomes, particularly in pediatric patients. This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using 3D AVM models in pediatric bAVM surgery.

Casein kinase 1 inhibitor avoids TDP-43 pathology propagation in a patient-derived cellular model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease without a cure to reverse its progression. Its main hallmark is the nuclear protein TDP-43, which undergoes different post-translational modifications leading to a loss of function in the nucleus and an increase in toxicity in the cytoplasm. Previous reports have indicated that pathogenic TDP-43 exhibits prion-like propagation in various contexts.

The CAPN3 p.Lys 254del variant is not always associated with dominant CAPN3-related muscular dystrophy.

Introduction/aims: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R1 (LGMDR1) calpain 3-related usually presents as a recessively transmitted weakness of proximal limb-girdle muscles due to pathogenic variants in the CAPN3 gene. Pathogenic variants in this gene have also been found in patients with an autosomal dominantly inherited transmission pattern (LGMDD4). The mechanism underlying this difference in transmission patterns has not yet been elucidated.

Chemically Accurate Potential Curves for H Molecules Using Explicitly Correlated Qubit-ADAPT.

With the recent advances in the development of devices capable of performing quantum computations, a growing interest in finding near-term applications has emerged in many areas of science. In the era of nonfault tolerant quantum devices, algorithms that only require comparably short circuits accompanied by high repetition rates are considered to be a promising approach for assisting classical machines with finding a solution on computationally hard problems. The ADAPT approach previously introduced in Nat.

Observation of Confinement-Induced Resonances in a 3D Lattice.

We report on the observation of confinement-induced resonances for strong three-dimensional (3D) confinement in a lattice potential. Starting from a Mott-insulator state with predominantly single-site occupancy, we detect loss and heating features at specific values for the confinement length and the 3D scattering length. Two independent models, based on the coupling between the center-of-mass and the relative motion of the particles as mediated by the lattice, predict the resonance positions to a good approximation, suggesting a universal behavior.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in hospitalized children with invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of conjugated vaccines in Lima, Peru.

Background: The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has decreased cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide. However, the impact of PCVs introduction may be affected by the serotype distribution in a specific context.

Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter passive surveillance study of IPD cases in pediatric patients hospitalized in Lima, Peru between 2016 and 2019 (after PCV13 introduction) to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Altered expression of proteins involved in metabolism in LGMDR1 muscle is lost in cell culture conditions.

Background: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain 3-related (LGMDR1) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy due to mutations in the CAPN3 gene. While the pathophysiology of this disease has not been clearly established yet, Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways impairment in LGMDR1 muscles has been reported.

Results: A reduction in Akt phosphorylation ratio and upregulated expression of proteins implicated in glycolysis (HK-II) and in fructose and lactate transport (GLUT5 and MCT1) in LGMDR1 muscle was observed.

Autonomous AI systems in the face of liability, regulations and costs.

Autonomous AI systems in medicine promise improved outcomes but raise concerns about liability, regulation, and costs. With the advent of large-language models, which can understand and generate medical text, the urgency for addressing these concerns increases as they create opportunities for more sophisticated autonomous AI systems. This perspective explores the liability implications for physicians, hospitals, and creators of AI technology, as well as the evolving regulatory landscape and payment models.

Intradural extramedullary tumors. Retrospective cohort study assessing prognostic factors for functional outcome in adult patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze a series of patients with intradural extramedullary tumors (IDEM) and assess factors that may modify or determine the final long term outcome and management.

Materials And Methods: Single Center, retrospective study of a series of surgical patients with IDEM lesions from our Institution operated between 2010 and 2021. Patients with less than 6 months of follow up were excluded.

Syntaxin 3 is haplosufficient for long-term photoreceptor survival in the mouse retina.

Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the syntaxin 3 gene have been linked to a severe retinal dystrophy in humans that presents in early childhood. In mouse models, biallelic inactivation of the syntaxin 3 gene in photoreceptors rapidly leads to their death. What is not known is whether a monoallelic syntaxin 3 loss-of-function mutation might cause photoreceptor loss with advancing age.

Non-intersecting Path Constructions for TASEP with Inhomogeneous Rates and the KPZ Fixed Point.

We consider a discrete-time TASEP, where each particle jumps according to Bernoulli random variables with particle-dependent and time-inhomogeneous parameters. We use the combinatorics of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence and certain intertwining relations to express the transition kernel of this interacting particle system in terms of ensembles of weighted, non-intersecting lattice paths and, consequently, as a marginal of a determinantal point process. We next express the joint distribution of the particle positions as a Fredholm determinant, whose correlation kernel is given in terms of a boundary-value problem for a discrete heat equation.

Connecting From Afar: Implementation of Remote Data-Sharing for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Pump Therapy.

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of .

Pneumococcal serotypes and antibiotic resistance in healthy carriage children after introduction of PCV13 in Lima, Peru.

Objective: To determinate the frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriers, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in healthy children in Lima, Peru, post-PCV13 introduction and to compare the results with a similar study conducted between 2006 and 2008 before PCV7 introduction (pre-PCV7).

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted between January 2018 and August 2019 in 1000 healthy children under two years of age. We use standard microbiological methods to determinate S.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the management of children with cerebrospinal fluid disorders, ventriculomegaly, and associated Chiari I malformation.

Objectives: Our objective was to review the outcomes of children with CIM and associated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders and ventriculomegaly undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) as a primary intervention.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study was conducted of consecutive children with CIM with associated CSF disorders and ventriculomegaly treated first by ETV between January 2014 and December 2020.

Results: Raised intracranial pressure symptoms were the most frequent in ten patients, followed by posterior fossa and syrinx symptoms in three cases.