An 11-Year Surveillance of HIV Type 1 Subtypes in Nagoya, Japan.

Abstract To monitor active HIV-1 transmission in Nagoya, Japan, we have been determining the subtypes of HIV-1 infecting therapy-naive individuals who have newly visited the Nagoya Medical Center since 1997. The subtypes were determined by phylogenetic analyses using the base sequences in three regions of the HIV-1 genes including gag p17, pol protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT), and env C2V3. Almost all HIV-1 subtypes from 1997 to 2007 and 93% of all HIV-1 isolates in 2007 were subtype B.

Trend of drug-resistant HIV type 1 emergence among therapy-naive patients in Nagoya, Japan: an 8-year surveillance from 1999 to 2006.

We studied the emergence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with major amino acid mutations in 402 therapy-naive patients at Nagoya Medical Center, Japan, between 1999 and 2006. The mean prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 was 6.7% (range, 2.

Performance and quality assurance of genotypic drug-resistance testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Japan.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and plasma HIV-1 to below detectable levels. However, HAART becomes ineffective when drug-resistant viruses emerge during HAART. Monitoring drug-resistance mutations in viruses is necessary for selecting new drugs or therapies effective at inhibiting such HIV-1 variants.

Quantitative SNP-detection method for estimating HIV-1 replicative fitness: application to protease inhibitor-resistant viruses.

We have improved the methods for the standard competitive growth assay of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The cloning step for the mixed viral population and subsequent genotype analysis for arbitrary numbers of clones were excluded from procedures. Instead, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-detection step was devised for the determination of viral populations.