Road safety lead agency challenges of three decades of intervention for road safety in Iran: implications for policy-makers.

Background: Road traffic crashes and associated injuries and mortalities are one of the big public health challenges, especially in low/middle-income countries. Road safety lead agency (RSLA) is a vital factor in the sustainable prevention and promotes road safety. In the recent decades, various policy interventions have been conducted for road safety in Iran.

Developing Pedestrians' Red-light Violation Behavior Questionnaire (PRVBQ); Assessment of Content Validity and Reliability.

Objective: To develop a self-completion pedestrians' red-light violation behavior questionnaire (PRVBQ) based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and assess the content validity and reliability.

Methods: This study was conducted in three phases of (i) PRVBQ development study; (ii) Content validity study including face validity; and (iii) Reliability assessment. The directed content analysis method was used for the analysis of the qualitative interviews.

Measurement properties of self-report pedestrians' road crossing behavior questionnaires constructed based on the theory of planned behavior: protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Pedestrians' unsafe crossing behavior exposes them at risk of trauma and death and puts a tremendous burden on the health care system. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the leading theoretical models used to develop pedestrians' road crossing behavior questionnaires, yet the quality of measurement properties of them has not been evaluated. The aim of the proposed systematic review is to evaluate the quality of measurement properties of the questionnaires constructed based on the TPB to predict pedestrians' road crossing behavior.

Red light violation and pedestrians' modal salient beliefs about unsafe road crossing behavior: a qualitative study.

Background: Pedestrians are amongst the most vulnerable road users and their unsafe behaviors have a major impact on traffic injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying psychological factors behind red light violation in pedestrians' crossing behavior based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and to provide recommendations for preventive interventions.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Tabriz, one of the metropolitan cities of Iran.