Effect of petroleum wastewater treated with gravity separation and magnetite nanoparticles adsorption methods on the blood biochemical response of mrigal fish (Cirrhinus cirrhosus).

Drainage of treated wastewater to surface water is a severe threat to the health of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 0.5 and 1% water-soluble fractions of crude oil (WSFO), WSFO treated with magnetic nanoparticles of FeO (TWSFO-FeO) and with the gravity separation method (TWSFO-GSM) on Cirrhinus cirrhosis for 21 days.

Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for dispersive solid-phase extraction of valsartan and its determination by high-performance liquid chromatography: Box-Behnken design.

In this work, core/shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were synthesized for extraction and pre-concentration of valsartan from different samples and then it was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. For preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles, Fe O nanoparticles were coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate and then functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. In the next step, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were synthesized under reflux and distillation conditions via polymerization of methacrylic acid, valsartan (as a template), azobisisobutyronitrile and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross linking.

Extraction of diclofenac by SiO -NH @Fe O and its determination: Central composite design.

In this work, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe O ) were prepared by simple co-precipitation method in aqueous medium and then subsequently modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyl triethylenesilane. The properties of the particles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The SiO -NH @Fe O particles were successfully applied to simultaneously enrich and separate diclofenac from water, urine, and plasma samples.

Synthesis of mesoporous silica for adsorption of chlordiazepoxide and its determination by HPLC: Experimental design.

In this work, mesoporous silica (SBA-15-NH ) was used as an efficient adsorbent for extraction of chlordiazepoxide from different samples based on dispersive nanomaterial-ultrasound assisted microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The prepared sorbent was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, low-angle X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and N adsorption-desorption surface area measurement. Several variables affecting the extraction efficiency of the chlordiazepoxide, including the amounts of adsorbent, time of adsorption, pH and volume of desorption solvent were optimized by central composite design combined with desirability function.

Modified dispersive liquid-phase microextraction based on sequential injection solidified floating organic drop combined with HPLC for the determination of phenobarbital and phenytoin.

A modified dispersive liquid phase microextraction based on sequential injection solidified floating organic drop was developed for simultaneous separation/preconcentration of trace amounts of phenobarbital and phenytoin. The important factors affecting on the extraction recovery including pH, the volume of extraction solvent, ionic strength, and the number of injections were investigated and optimized by Box-Behnken design and desirability function. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 1.

Melatonin exacerbates acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing the serum levels of lactate: A potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression.

Melatonin has a beneficial role in adult rat models of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg/d) was investigated in young age (5-6 weeks old) Lewis rat model of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) followed by assessing serum levels of lactate and melatonin. Results showed that clinical outcomes were exacerbated in melatonin- (neurological score = 6) vs PBS-treated EAE rats (score = 5).

Preconcentration of valsartan by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop and its determination in urine sample: Central composite design.

In this work, a fast, easy, and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was developed for the separation/preconcentration and determination of the drug valsartan. Experimental design was applied for the optimization of the effective variables (such as volume of extracting and dispersing solvents, ionic strength, and pH) on the extraction efficiency of valsartan from urine samples. The optimized values were 250.

Application of modified stir bar with nickel:zinc sulphide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon as a sorbent for preconcentration of losartan and valsartan and their determination by high performance liquid chromatography.

In this study, the stir bar was coated for the first time with the ​nicel:zins sulphide nanoparticles (Ni:ZnS NPs) loaded on activated carbon (AC) (Ni:ZnS-AC) as well as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (IL) using sol gel technique and was used for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of losartan (LOS) and valsartan (VAL) as the model compounds. The extracted analytes were then quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an ultra violet detector. The best extraction performance for LOS and VAL was obtained through the optimization of the parameters affecting SBSE including pH of sample solution, ionic strength, extraction time, volume of desorption solvent, desorption time, and stirring speed.

Design of an optically stable pH sensor based on immobilization of Giemsa on triacetylcellulose membrane.

In this work a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive optical sensor based on triacetylcellulose membrane as solid support was developed by using immobilization of Giemsa indicator for pH measurement. In this method, the influence variables on the membrane performance including pH concentration of indicator, response time, ionic strength, and reversibility were investigated. At optimum values of all variables the response of optical pH sensor is linear in the pH range of 3.

Solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC-DAD for determination of B vitamin concentrations in halophytes.

In our study, a simple and sensitive method was proposed for determination of vitamins B group in leaves of Suaeda aegyptiaca and Suaeda Vera (Halophytes) by HPLC-DAD with solid-phase extraction (SPE) as the preconcentration step. The variables affecting the extraction and determination conditions were investigated and optimized. A preconcentration step based on SPE is necessary to remove interfering components.

Solid phase microextraction of diclofenac using molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent in hollow fiber combined with fiber optic-linear array spectrophotometry.

A simple solid phase microextraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent in the hollow fiber (MIP-HF-SPME) combined with fiber optic-linear array spectrophotometer has been applied for the extraction and determination of diclofenac in environmental and biological samples. The effects of different parameters such as pH, times of extraction, type and volume of the organic solvent, stirring rate and donor phase volume on the extraction efficiency of the diclofenac were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear (r(2)=0.

Application of Optimized Vortex-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced DLLME for Preconcentration of Thymol and Carvacrol, and Their Determination by HPLC-UV: Response Surface Methodology.

A novel vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (VASEDLLME-HPLC) was developed for the determination of thymol and carvacrol (phenolic compound). In this method, the extraction solvent (CHCl3) was dispersed into the aqueous samples via a vortex agitator and addition of the surfactant (Triton X-100). The preliminary experiments were undertaken to select the best extraction solvent and surfactant.

Application of ultrasonic radiation for simultaneous removal of auramine O and safranine O by copper sulfide nanoparticles: experimental design.

In this study, copper sulfide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (CuS-NP-AC) were synthesized by novel, low cost and green approach and characterized using SEM and XRD. The application of this material for the simulations removal of auramine O (AO) and safranine O (SO) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The dependency of removal percentages to variables such as pH, initial dyes concentration, adsorbent dosage, sonication time and sonication temperature were studied with response surface methodology (RSM) by considering the desirability function (DF).

Application of an optimized dispersive nanomaterial ultrasound-assisted microextraction method for preconcentration of carbofuran and propoxur and their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.

An extraction method based on dispersive nanomaterial ultrasound-assisted microextraction was used for the preconcentration of carbofuran and propoxur insecticides in water samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. ZnS:Ni nanoparticles were synthesized based on the reaction of the mixture of zinc acetate and nickel acetate with thioacetamide in aqueous media and then loaded on activated carbon (ZnS:Ni-AC). Different methods were used for recognizing the properties of ZnS:Ni-AC and then this nanomaterial was used for extraction of carbamate insecticide as new adsorbent.

Application of response surface methodology for determination of methyl red in water samples by spectrophotometry method.

In this study a rapid and effective method (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)) was developed for extraction of methyl red (MR) prior to its determination by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Influence variables on DLLME such as volume of chloroform (as extractant solvent) and methanol (as dispersive solvent), pH and ionic strength and extraction time were investigated. Then significant variables were optimized by using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and desirability function (DF).

Preconcentration of Sn (II) using the methylene blue on the activated carbon and its determination by spectrophotometry method.

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for determination of trace amounts of Sn (II) ion in soil sample was developed by using the methylene blue (MB) in the presence of activated carbon (AC) as the adsorbent Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) of Sn (II) and then determined by UV-Vis. The Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1-80ngmL(-1) of Sn (II) with the detection limits of 0.34ngmL(-1).

Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of chlordiazepoxide drug and its determination by HPLC-UV.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with HPLC-UV detection applied for the quantification of chlordiazepoxide in some real samples. The effect of different extraction conditions on the extraction efficiency of the chlordiazepoxide drug was investigated and optimized using central composite design as a conventional efficient tool. Optimum extraction condition values of variables were set as 210 μL chloroform, 1.

Design of an efficient uranyl ion optical sensor based on 1'-2,2'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl)dinaphthalen-2-ol.

A new optical uranyl (IV) selective sensor by incorporation of 1,1'-2,2'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl)dinaphthalen-2-ol (PBED), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and sodium tetraphenylborate (Na-TPB) in the plasticized poly vinyl chloride membrane matrices has been constructed. In the proposed optode, PBED functions as both ionophore and chromoionophore while DBP has synergistic effect on the complexation of uranyl ion (UO) by PBED. Following the optimization of influences of variables, the proposed sensor due to its high stability, reproducibility and relatively long lifetime has good selectivity and sensitivity for uranyl ion over a large number of alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions.

Photocatalytic degradation of monoethanolamine in wastewater using nanosized TiO2 loaded on clinoptilolite.

The use of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as photocatalyst to degrade the organic compounds is an effective method of oxidation process and has been widely studied in environmental engineering. In this investigation photocatalytic degradation of monoethanolamine (MEA) using TiO(2) (in form of anatase) loaded on surface of clinoptilolite (CP) (TiO(2)-CP) in wastewater was studied. The surface interaction between TiO(2) and CP was investigated by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM), atom force microscope (AFM), IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Determination of N-methylcarbamate insecticides in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and HPLC with the aid of experimental design and desirability function.

A rapid and simple method for the extraction and preconcentration of N-methylcarbamates (NMCs) (carbofuran, carbaryl and promecarb) in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) using chemometrics was developed. Influence variables such as volume of extracting (CHCl(3)) and dispersing solvents (ACN), pH and ionic strength, extraction time and centrifugation time and speed were screened in a 2(7-4) Plackett-Burman design was investigated. The significant variables were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD) combined with desirability function (DF).