Automated fact-checking of climate claims with large language models.

Accurate identification of true versus false climate information in the digital age is critical. Misinformation can significantly affect public understanding and policymaking. Automated fact-checking seeks to validate claims against trustworthy factual data.

Present and Future Drinking Water Security and Its Impacts on Maternities: A Multi-Scale Assessment of Sudan.

Adequate access to drinking water for hydration and hygiene depends on many factors. We developed the Drinking Water Security Index (DWSI) to assess relative multifactorial drinking water security at different spatial and temporal scales. DWSI is a function of four key indicators of drinking water security: water quality, water accessibility, water continuity, and water availability.

Impacts of climate change on wheat phenology and yield in Indus Basin, Pakistan.

Aim of this study is to quantify the impacts of climate change on phenology and yield of winter wheat in rainfed and irrigated regions of Pakistan by using integration of two well-known crop models including STICS and APSIM with CORDEX-SA regional climate models (RCMs). A number of different adaptation strategies based on early sowing (i.e.

Author Correction: The future of extreme climate in Iran.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The future of extreme climate in Iran.

Iran is experiencing unprecedented climate-related problems such as drying of lakes and rivers, dust storms, record-breaking temperatures, droughts, and floods. Here, we use the ensemble of five high-resolution climate models to project maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall distribution, calculate occurrences of extreme temperatures (temperatures above and below the historical 95th and 5th percentiles, respectively), analyze compound of precipitation and temperature extremes, and determine flooding frequencies across the country. We found that compared to the period of 1980-2004, in the period of 2025-2049, Iran is likely to experience more extended periods of extreme maximum temperatures in the southern part of the country, more extended periods of dry (for ≥120 days: precipitation <2 mm, Tmax ≥30 °C) as well as wet (for ≤3 days: total precipitation ≥110 mm) conditions, and higher frequency of floods.