A combined chemoimmunotherapy approach using a plasmid-doxorubicin complex.

We report a combined chemoimmunotherapy vehicle consisting of plasmid loaded with doxorubicin and evaluate its efficacy in two different tumor models. A stable complex was formed with a 1300:1 ratio of doxorubicin bound to native plasmid via intercalation. Pharmacokinetics of the complex showed much slower clearance from plasma up to 3 h compared to 10 min for free doxorubicin.