Mind In Vitro Platforms: Versatile, Scalable, Robust, and Open Solutions to Interfacing with Living Neurons.

Motivated by the unexplored potential of in vitro neural systems for computing and by the corresponding need of versatile, scalable interfaces for multimodal interaction, an accurate, modular, fully customizable, and portable recording/stimulation solution that can be easily fabricated, robustly operated, and broadly disseminated is presented. This approach entails a reconfigurable platform that works across multiple industry standards and that enables a complete signal chain, from neural substrates sampled through micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) to data acquisition, downstream analysis, and cloud storage. Built-in modularity supports the seamless integration of electrical/optical stimulation and fluidic interfaces.

Synapses without tension fail to fire in an in vitro network of hippocampal neurons.

Neurons in the brain communicate with each other at their synapses. It has long been understood that this communication occurs through biochemical processes. Here, we reveal that mechanical tension in neurons is essential for communication.

Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in .

Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low.

JA-Regulated AaGSW1-AaYABBY5/AaWRKY9 Complex Regulates Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua.

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from Artemisia annua, is an essential therapeutic against malaria. YABBY family transcription factor AaYABBY5 is an activator of AaCYP71AV1 (cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase) and AaDBR2 (double-bond reductase 2); however, the protein-protein interactions of AaYABBY5, as well as the mechanism of its regulation, have not yet been elucidated. AaWRKY9 protein is a positive regulator of artemisinin biosynthesis that activates AaGSW1 (glandular trichome-specific WRKY1) and AaDBR2 (double-bond reductase 2).

and Studies for the Investigation of γ-Globin Gene Induction by : A Pre-Clinical Study of HbF Inducers for β-Thalassemia.

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a potent genetic modifier, and the γ-globin gene induction has proven to be a sustainable therapeutic approach for the management of β-thalassemia. In this study, we have evaluated the HbF induction ability of and , and the identification of potential therapeutic compounds through a bioassay-guided approach. benzidine-Hb assay demonstrated strong erythroid differentiation of K562 cells by extracts.

Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua by AaYABBY5.

Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant rich in terpenes and flavonoids with useful biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. The transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. annua has not been well-studied.

A UPLC-DAD-Based Bio-Screening Assay for the Evaluation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Plant Extracts and Compounds: Pyrroquinazoline Alkaloids from as a Case Study.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure in the human body. Identification of potential ACE inhibitors from medicinal plants supported the idea of repurposing these medicinal plants against hypertension. A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) was used for the rapid screening of plant extracts and purified compounds to determine their ACE inhibitory activity.

Rapid Identification of Common Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Herbs Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector in Extracts.

The discovery and identification of novel natural products of medicinal importance in the herbal medicine industry becomes a challenge. The complexity of this process can be reduced by dereplication strategies. The current study includes a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) to identify the 12 most common secondary metabolites in plant extracts.

The ameliorative effects of exogenous inoculation of Piriformospora indica on molecular, biochemical and physiological parameters of Artemisia annua L. under arsenic stress condition.

Aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of exogenously inoculated root endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, on molecular, biochemical, morphological and physiological parameters of Artemisia annua L. treated with different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 μmol/L) of arsenic (As) stress. As was significantly accumulated in the roots than shoots of P.

Light microscopy of Pakistani Berberis leaf cuticles and its taxonomic implications.

Taxonomy of the genus Berberis is quite complex, due to overlapping morphological characters, making it very difficult to differentiate the species within the genus. In order to resolve this taxonomic complexity, the foliar anatomy of 10 Berberis L. species was carried out, for the first time from Pakistan, using light microscopy (LM).

Metabolite distribution and correlation studies of Ziziphus jujuba and Ziziphus nummularia using LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Ziziphus jujuba and Ziziphus nummularia are two important species of the genus Ziziphus. Both plants offer great commercial value and are consumed as food around the world and used for their medicinal values such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Comprehensive chemical profiling of Z.

The YABBY Family Transcription Factor AaYABBY5 Directly Targets Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and Double-Bond Reductase 2 (DBR2) Involved in Artemisinin Biosynthesis in .

Artemisinin is an effective antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone synthesized in . Various transcription factors have been previously reported that can influence the biosynthesis of artemisinin; however, the effect of YABBY family transcription factors on artemisinin biosynthesis was unknown. In the present study, we cloned and characterized AaYABBY5: a homolog of MsYABBY5 in which is involved in modulating the monoterpenes, as a positive regulator of artemisinin biosynthesis in .

Combining untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches for the standardization of polyherbal formulations through UPLC-MS/MS.

Introduction: Polyherbal formulations are an integral part of various indigenous medicinal systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda. The presence of a very large number of compounds makes the quality control of polyherbal formulations very difficult.

Objectives: To overcome this problem, we have developed a comprehensive strategy for the dereplication of natural products in polyherbal formulations by using Adhatoda vasica as a case study.

Molecular mechanism underlying Piriformospora indica-mediated plant improvement/protection for sustainable agriculture.

The beneficial endophytic microorganisms have received significant attention in agriculture because of their exceptional capabilities to facilitate functions like nutrient enrichment, water status, and stress tolerance (biotic and abiotic). This review signifies the molecular mechanisms to better understand the Piriformospora indica-mediated plants improvement or protection for sustainable agriculture. P.

The frequency of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis in skin ulcers in Peshawar.

Background: Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (OWCL) is a preventable skin infection that leads to morbidity and social isolation. It is spreading rapidly. The sore of OWCL may be a non-ulcerative red papule, nodule or a large mutilating ulcer.