COVID-19 and Influenza Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Co-infection of COVID-19 with other respiratory pathogens which may complicate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 emerge new concern. The overlap of COVID-19 and influenza, as two epidemics at the same time can occur in the cold months of the year. The aim of current study was to evaluate the rate of such co-infection as a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Insight to the molecular mechanisms of the osmolyte effects on pyrazinamidase stability using experimental studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculation.

Background: In this study, we have experimentally investigated the effects of different osmolytes including sucrose, sorbitol, urea, and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) on the stability and structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase (PZase). PZase converts pyrazinamide to its active form.

Methods: In addition, in order to gain molecular insight into the interactions between osmolytes and PZase, we have conducted 1000-ns molecular dynamics simulations.