A review of recent developments in the application of nanostructures for sperm cryopreservation.

In the 1970s, sperm cryopreservation was presented as a unique route to fertility preservation. The ability to cryopreserve sperm from all species is challenging. The sperm cryopreservation process encompasses various cellular stresses such as increased osmotic pressure, ice crystal formation, and thermal shock, therefore decreasing the quality of sperm.

A novel approach for human sperm cryopreservation with AFPIII.

Sperm cryopreservation causes different stresses including thermal shock, osmotic damage, and ice crystal formation, thereby reducing sperm quality. Few studies have evaluated the application of AFPs in cryopreservation. The effects of antifreeze protein III (AFP III) on human sperm cryopreservation is not fully understood therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of AFPIII treatment on human sperm parameters following cryopreservation.