Spatial transcriptomic analysis of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancers highlights tumor microenvironmental heterogeneity.

Although the spatial, cellular and molecular landscapes of resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are well documented, the characteristics of its metastatic ecology remain elusive. By applying spatially resolved transcriptomics to matched primary and metastatic PDAC samples, we discovered a conserved continuum of fibrotic, metabolic and immunosuppressive spatial ecotypes across anatomical regions. We observed spatial tumor microenvironment heterogeneity spanning beyond that previously appreciated in PDAC.

Insight into the mechanism of digestibility inhibition by interaction between corn starch with different gelatinization degree and water extractable arabinoxylan.

On the basis of revealing the interaction mechanism between corn starch (CS) and water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) with high/low molecular weight (H-WEAX, L-WEAX), the degree of gelatinization (DG) on structural behaviors and in vitro digestibility of CS-WEAX complexes (CS/H, CS/L) was evaluated. With the increased DG from 50 % to 95 %, the water adsorption capacity of CS/L was increased 64 %, 58 %, 47 %, which were higher than that of CS/H (39 %, 54 %, 33 %). The gelatinization of starch was inhibited by WEAX, resulting in the enhancement of crystallinity, short-range ordered structure and molecular size of CS-WEAX complexes.

Carcinoma arising in ileal conduit or orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction: A 20-year single institute experience.

Context: Carcinomas found in urinary diversion specimens are uncommon, particularly new primary tumours. New primary tumours primarily occur when the large intestine is utilised, whereas the occurrence is infrequent with the use of the ileum. These tumours include both the recurrence of primary malignancy or the development of a new primary malignancy originating from the small intestine.

Preparation and investigation of Montmorillonite-K10 Polyaniline nanocomposites for optoelectronic applications.

One-dimensional polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures were synthesized in the presence of two-dimensional (2D) Montmorillonite (MMT) clay nanosheets. Strong interactions between the polymer and MMT platelets in the nanocomposites were confirmed through spectroscopic studies. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies revealed the clay's profound effect on the polymer's crystallinity and morphology.

Scalable synthesis of high-quality, reduced graphene oxide with a large C/O ratio and its dispersion in a chemically modified polyimide matrix for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.

High-purity reduced graphene oxide (RGO or rGO) with appreciable conductivity is a desired conductive filler for lightweight polymer composites used in coatings, electronics, catalysts, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and energy storage devices. However, the intrinsic conductivity and the uniform dispersion of RGO in relatively polar matrices are challenging, leading to poor overall conductivity and performance of the composite material. The reported study improved the RGO intrinsic conductivity by increasing its C/O ratio while also simultaneously enhancing its compatibility with the polyimide (PI) matrix through ester linkages for better dispersion.

Incidental findings during donor liver assessment: Single center experience.

Intraoperative consultation of donor liver is an important part of transplant evaluation and determination of liver eligibility. In this study, we describe incidental pathologic findings discovered during the pretransplant evaluation of liver donors in our Institution from 1/2010 to 12/2022. During this 13-year period 369 intraoperative consultations from 262 liver donors were performed.

Sorghum Flour and Sorghum Flour Enriched Bread: Characterizations, Challenges, and Potential Improvements.

A Sorghum flour (SF) is a leading and prominent food source for humans in African countries. Recently extensive studies have been conducted on Sorghum bread (SB) or sorghum composite bread (SCB), covering various aspects. However, there are many technical challenges in the formation of SF and sorghum composite flour (SCF) that impact the quality of the bread and fail to meet the consumer's desires and expectations.

Comparative Survival Benefits of Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: A Population-Based Study with Insight into Future Personalized Therapeutic Approach.

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder (NECs-GB) are rare tumors, accounting for <0.2% of all neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. They originate from the neuroendocrine cells of the gallbladder epithelium with associated intestinal or gastric metaplasia.

Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology versus endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of subepithelial lesions of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract: A 10-year retrospective single institution analysis.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) versus endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial lesions (SELs) using surgical resection as the gold standard.

Methods: All patients who underwent EUS-FNA of upper and lower GI SELs over a 10-year period (2010 through 2019) were retrospectively reviewed. The medical records of all patients were reviewed and data extracted from the endoscopy, pathology, and surgical reports were analyzed.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the stomach masquerading as gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report of a unique entity with emphasis on cytomorphology.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm, postulated to arise from follicular dendritic cells, with approximately 343 reported cases. Less than 100 cases of FDCS were in the gastrointestinal tract, with only four cases described in the stomach, none of them diagnosed on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report here the first case of FDCS of the stomach diagnosed on FNA.

Clinicopathological and Treatment Patterns of Combined Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma with Future Insight to Treatment: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Primary lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States (US). Approximately 90% of lung cancers are associated with smoking and the use of other tobacco products. Based on histology, lung cancers are divided into small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).

Acute Intermittent Porphyria as a Rare Challenging Neuro-Metabolic Disease; a Case Report.

Porphyria is a challenging metabolic disease due to its heterogeneous presentation symptoms and its difficult diagnosis. Many affected individuals can complain of recurrent neuro-visceral attacks per year, some of which may be persistent and life-threatening, which is confusing if there is no established diagnosis. Although the motor manifestations, autonomic changes and seizure are highly suggestive, the diagnosis is often overlooked and needs confirmatory genetic testing.

Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis complicating pediatric Crohn disease: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Infection with () can lead to disseminated disease involving the gastrointestinal tract presenting as diffuse abdominal pain and diarrhea which may mimic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Case Summary: We report a case of 12-year-old boy with presumptive diagnosis of Crohn disease (CD) that presented with several months of abdominal pain, weight loss and bloody diarrhea. Colonoscopy showed patchy moderate inflammation characterized by erythema and numerous pseudopolyps involving the terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending colon.

Isolated Kaposi sarcoma of the upper aerodigestive tract in immunocompetent individuals, an underrecognized entity with favorable prognosis.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare vascular neoplasm that most commonly arises in the setting of immunosuppression, in areas with high prevalence of Human Herpesvirus-8 infection, and when both situations coexist. Most cases affect the skin, isolated involvement of the upper respiratory tract without skin involvement is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of isolated nasopharyngeal KS in an immunocompetent patient who achieved remission after multimodality therapy.

Tumor Genomic Profiling to Determine Tissue Origin of Cancers of Unknown Primary: A Single Institute Experience With its Utility and Impact on Patient Management.

Tumor genomic profiling represents a promising tool in diagnosis and management of cancer of unknown primary. We report our experience on the impact of genomic profiling in elucidating primary tumor site, correlation with pathologic findings and patient management. Tissue or cytology specimens from 22 cancers of unknown primary were referred for genomic profiling.

Effects of Bifidobacteria Fermentation on Physico-Chemical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch.

Lactic acid bacteria have been considered to be a very important species during sourdough fermentation. In order to explore the effects of bifidobacteria fermentation on thermal, physico-chemical and structural properties of wheat starch during dough fermentation, starch granules were separated from the fermented dough at different fermentation times, including 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h. The results showed that the morphology of starch granules was destroyed gradually as the fermentation time increased, which appeared as erosion and rupture.

Histopathologic correlation of pancreatic fibrosis with pancreatic magnetic resonance imaging quantitative metrics and Cambridge classification.

Purpose: To determine the correlation of the T1-weighted signal intensity ratio (T1 SIR, or T1 Score) and arterial-to-delayed venous enhancement ratio (ADV ratio) of the pancreas with pancreatic fibrosis on histopathology.

Methods: Sixty consecutive adult CP patients who had an MRI/MRCP study prior to pancreatic surgery were analyzed. Three blinded observers measured T1 SIR of pancreas to spleen (T1 SIR p/s), pancreas-to-paraspinal muscle (T1 SIR p/m), ADV ratio, and Cambridge grade.

Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Colorectal Polyps.

Most colorectal cancer arises from epithelial polyps. Polyps can be the result of acquired, germline, or inflammation-associated mutations in colonic stem cells (CSC). Their incidence and risk of progression are determined by factors that modify the baseline rate of spontaneous mutations occurring in CSC.

The Histopathologic Features of Sickle Cell Hepatopathy: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objectives: Recent data on hepatic histopathology in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are lacking.

Methods: A total of 39 liver biopsies from SCD patients from 4 medical institutes were systematically evaluated.

Results: The average age of patients was 27 years; 23 were female.

Metastatic Liver Tumors in Surgical Pathology: Impact of Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Paradigms in a Tertiary Care Center.

We analyzed metastatic liver tumors received in the department of pathology in a tertiary care center over a 3-year period. There were 509 metastatic liver tumors; counterintuitively, there were as many resections (235 cases) as biopsies (274 cases). This unexpected finding reflects contemporaneous organ-specific paradigms for diagnosis and management of metastatic liver disease in oncologic practice, and the association of our practice with a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center with expertise and specialization in liver surgery.

Evaluating mismatch repair deficiency for solid tumor immunotherapy eligibility: immunohistochemistry versus microsatellite molecular testing.

While many landmark solid tumor immunotherapy studies show clinical benefits for solid tumors with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), the methodologies focus only on confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for MSI-H. Because some tumors are either dMMR or MSI-H but not the other, clinicians must choose between two testing methods for a broad patient population. We investigated the level of correlation between MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) and microsatellite PCR testing results in 62 cancer patients.

The cytology of salivary gland neoplasms with globules of extracellular matrix: Case-based review of adenoid cystic carcinoma and its potential mimics.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important tool for diagnosing salivary gland neoplasms and for guiding clinical management. The classic adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a basaloid neoplasm with abundant extracellular matrix. The presence globules of extracellular matrix are quite characteristic of AdCC but not diagnostic.

Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Confirmed TFE3-Gene Fusion Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Cohort.

TFE3-fusion associated renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) accounts for up to 5% adults and 40% of childhood RCC. Their comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) profile in correlation to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing and their role in the diagnostic approach are not well documented because of lacking published data. FISH confirmed TFE3-RCC between years 2010 and 2020 were identified from institutional electronic database and retrospectively reviewed.