Ameliorating impacts of ginseng on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and sperm quality in temporal lobe epilepsy rat model treated with valproate.

Both epilepsy and valproate (VPA), as an antiepileptic drug, negatively affect male sexual function. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorating impacts of ginseng on sperm quality, architecture of seminiferous epithelium and spermatogenic cell apoptosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) animal model treated with VPA. Fifty-six adult male rats were divided into seven groups including untreated control (Co), epilepsy (E), valproate (V), epilepsy-valproate (EV), epilepsy-ginseng (EG), valproate-ginseng (VG) and epilepsy-valproate-ginseng (EVG).