Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Brief Overview of Tau PET Tracers in Nuclear Medicine.

Dementia (the most common cause of Alzheimer's disease) is defined as a chronic or progressive syndrome with disturbance of multiple cortical functions, the most important of them including memory, learning capacity, comprehension, orientation, calculation, language, and judgement. These cognitive impairments affect the quality of life, behavior, and social relations. Techniques of nuclear medicine provide feasible ways to record the intracellular alterations of disease and deficiencies.

Optimal Indications of Radioimmunotherapy in Nuclear Medicine: A Mini-Review.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a very considerable and potent therapeutic method in which immune inhibitors have gained a lot of attention in the curative field of various cancers. Under certain circumstances, when radiotherapy is accompanied by immunotherapy, the efficacy of the therapeutic procedure increases. Irradiated tumor cells follow a pathway called immunogenic cell death, which targets tumor associated antigens.

Segmentation of liver and liver lesions using deep learning.

Segmentation of organs and lesions could be employed for the express purpose of dosimetry in nuclear medicine, assisted image interpretations, and mass image processing studies. Deep leaning created liver and liver lesion segmentation on clinical 3D MRI data has not been fully addressed in previous experiments. To this end, the required data were collected from 128 patients, including their T1w and T2w MRI images, and ground truth labels of the liver and liver lesions were generated.

Impact of different reconstruction algorithms and setting parameters on radiomics features of PSMA PET images: A preliminary study.

Purpose: Radiomics analysis of oncologic positron emission tomography (PET) images is an area of significant activity and potential. The reproducibility of radiomics features is an important consideration for routine clinical use. This preliminary study investigates the robustness of radiomics features in PSMA-PET images across penalized-likelihood (Q.

Optimization of the Acquisition Time and Injected Dose of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Based on Patient Specifications for High-Sensitive Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scanner.

 This study was aimed to optimize the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-administered dose and scan time based on patient specifications using a highly sensitive five-ring bismuth germanium oxide (BGO)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner (Discovery IQ).  We retrospectively analyzed 101 whole-body F-FDG PET/CT images. Patient data were reconstructed using ordered subset expectation maximization with resolution recovery algorithms (OSEM + SharpIR).

Application of Breast Scintigraphy for Patients with Suspicious (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System IV) Breast Lesions.

Background: The surgery for a breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) IV lesions needs imaging or pathology supporting data. The roll of breast scintigraphy for this purpose is unclear.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective design, 16 patients with 25 BIRADS IV lesions who were scheduled for surgery were included.

Therapeutic Outcomes of Lu-PSMA Targeted Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Single-Center Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of Lutetium (Lu)-PSMA-617 in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, based on post-treatment imaging findings.

Methods: All post-therapeutic scans were collected retrospectively from patients treated with 100-200 mCi Lu-PSMA-617 from March 2018 to December 2020 for mCRPC. Two independent readers interpreted the scans and visually categorized them into three strata: responsive, stable, and progressive.

Deep learning-based denoising of low-dose SPECT myocardial perfusion images: quantitative assessment and clinical performance.

Purpose: This work was set out to investigate the feasibility of dose reduction in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. A deep learning approach was proposed to synthesize full-dose images from the corresponding low-dose images at different dose reduction levels in the projection space.

Methods: Clinical SPECT-MPI images of 345 patients acquired on a dedicated cardiac SPECT camera in list-mode format were retrospectively employed to predict standard-dose from low-dose images at half-, quarter-, and one-eighth-dose levels.

Imaging of Clot by Tc-HMPAO Labeled Platelet in Animal Model Induced Thrombosis.

Tc-HMPAO labeled platelet (LP) imaging may integrate thrombosis imaging into routine clinical procedures. In the current study, we assessed the feasibility of the use of Tc-HMPAO LP for imaging of small clots in an animal model. Thrombosis was induced by application of FeCl solution in the distal part of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of a 6100 g anesthetized rabbit and in a male Wistar rat weighing 420 g.

99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT Versus 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the Evaluation of Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background: 99mTc-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) SPECT/CT is less expensive and readily available modality compared with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for imaging prostate cancer (PC). The aim of this study is to compare the value of these 2 modalities in patients confirmed or suspicious to have metastatic prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-two patients with the mean age of 66.

RADIATION DOSE ASSESSMENT TO FAMILY MEMBERS TAKING CARE OF NON-CANCEROUS THYROID PATIENTS TREATED WITH I-131 THERAPY IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE DEPARTMENT.

This study aimed to determine the effective doses of caregivers taking care of non-cancerous patients treated with iodine-131 (I-131). Patients (administered 185-1110 MBq of I-131) were given specific radiation safety instructions (RSI). Afterwards, caregivers were provided with thermoluminescent (TLD) dosimeter badges to be worn for 12-28 days when taking care of the patients.

Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Compared with I-MIBG SPECT/CT in the Evaluation of Neural Crest Tumors.

Objectives: Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has shown promising results in imaging of neural crest tumors (NCT). Herein, we compared the performance of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and I-MIBG single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT in the initial diagnosis, staging and follow-up of patients with NCTs.

Methods: Twenty-five patients (males:females=8:17; age range=2-71 years) with clinically proven or suspicious neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma (PCC) or paraganglioma (PGL) were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent both Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and I-MIBG SPECT/CT.

Clinical use of Tc-HMPAO-labeled platelets in cerebral sinus thrombosis imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are not always conclusive for the detection of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Tc-HMPAO-labeled platelets may be useful in cases with high clinical suspicion. Three patients with headaches with or without intraparenchymal hemorrhage that were highly suspected to have CVST, despite inconclusive anatomical imaging, were selected for inclusion in the study.

The Value of Technetium-99m Labeled Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (Tc-α-MSH) in Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Lesions of Malignant Melanoma.

Objectives: Malignant melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancers with unfavorable prognosis. Alpha-MSH peptide analogues have a high affinity for melanocortine-1 (MC1) receptors on melanocytes over expressing in malignant melanoma cells. Pre-clinical studies have shown promising results for radiolabeled MSH imaging in this malignancy.

Cardiac contraction motion compensation in gated myocardial perfusion SPECT: A comparative study.

Introduction: Cardiac contraction significantly degrades quality and quantitative accuracy of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) images. In this study, we aimed to explore different techniques in motion-compensated temporal processing of MPS images and their impact on image quality and quantitative accuracy.

Material And Method: 50 patients without known heart condition underwent gated MPS.

Potential diagnostic value of I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in discrimination between Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Objectives: Clinical difficulty to discriminate between the Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has led researchers to focus on highly sensitive functional imaging modalities. The aim of the present study was to assess I-MIBG cardiac imaging to distinguish between AD and DLB.

Patients And Methods: Seventeen patients who were known cases of dementia underwent I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy to differentiate AD from DLB.

Significance of Abnormal Myocardial Perfusion Scans in Candidates for Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.

The implications of cardiac risk stratification before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are not well established. We studied the usefulness of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in this scenario. MPI data of 24 patients (9 females), candidates of OLT, were collected.

PREDICTION OF RELAPSE FROM HYPERTHYROIDISM FOLLOWING ANTITHYROID MEDICATION WITHDRAWAL USING TECHNETIUM THYROID UPTAKE SCANNING.

Objective: Technetium thyroid uptake (TTU) is not inhibited by antithyroid drugs (ATD) and reflects the degree of thyroid stimulation. We intended to predict the relapse rate from hyperthyroidism based on TTU measurement.

Methods: Out of 44 initially enrolled subjects, 38 patients aged 41.

Applicability of Radioguided Occult Lesion Localization for NonPalpable Benign Breast Lesions, Comparison with Wire Localization, a Clinical Trial.

Background: This study was designed to compare radioguided versus routine wire localization of non palpable nonmalignant breast lesions in terms of efficacy for complete excision, ease of use, time saving, and cosmetic outcome.

Materials And Methods: Patients with nonpalpable breast masses and nonmalignant core biopsy results who were candidates for complete surgical lumpectomy were enrolled and randomly assigned to radioguided or wire localization groups. Radiologic, surgical, and pathologic data were collected and analyzed to determine the difficulty and duration of each procedure, ease of use, accuracy, and cosmetic outcomes.

Folate therapy improves the stress-to-rest mean LV volume ratio in myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with diabetes.

Objective: Patients with diabetes have higher stress-to-rest mean left ventricular volume (SRLVV) ratio in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and hyperhomocysteinemia. We studied the effect of folate therapy on SRLVV ratio and plasma homocysteine levels in patients with diabetes.

Methods: Forty patients were enrolled and thirty-two completed the study.