Improvement of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction Following Combined Cell Therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Schwann Cell in Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase II Clinical Trial.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of intrathecal combined administration of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) in urinary function improvement in complete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients for the first time.

Methods: This study was a randomized phase II clinical trial, including treatment and control arms. Patients with traumatic complete SCI-induced neurogenic bladder were included.

A Narrative Review of Stigma Related to Infectious Disease Outbreaks: What Can Be Learned in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic?

Infectious disease pandemics are associated with social consequences and stigma that are noticeably similar in various health conditions, health systems, and cultures. Stigma impacts health-related outcomes, not only as a barrier to receiving the timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment but also as an important variable that increases mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 outbreak has been associated with stigma too.